{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DECDI","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2026-02-17","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Sreelakshmi Papineni","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"spapineni@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Smita Das","affiliation":"IPA","email":"sdas@poverty-action.org"},{"name":"Clara Delavallade","affiliation":"World Bank staff","email":"cdelavallade@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Ayodele Fashogbon","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"afashogbon@worldbank.org"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for Turning Inward and\/or Outward: Which Socioemotional Skills Pay For Agribusiness Entrepreneurs In Nigeria?","idno":"RR_NGA_2026_553"},"data_statement":"All data is temporarily embargoed by the authors (expected to be made public in the future).","software":[{"name":"Stata","version":"19.5"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for Turning Inward and\/or Outward: Which Socioemotional Skills Pay For Agribusiness Entrepreneurs In Nigeria?","date":"2026-02","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","file_name":"RR_NGA_2026_553","zip_package":"RR_NGA_2026_553.zip","dependencies":"Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder.","software":"19.5"}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2026-02-17","abstract":"Socioemotional skills (SES) programs are widely used to promote economic empowerment, yet their returns may vary by skill-type and gender. This paper evaluates an SES intervention for 4,500 agribusiness owners in a large-scale government program in Nigeria. Using a randomized controlled trial we examine whether trainings focused on interpersonal skills yield higher economic returns when combined with intrapersonal skills among men and women. SES trainings overall enhance women\u2019s economic outcomes, raising business profits by over 50%, with some firms brought into activity and others growing on the intensive margin. The interpersonal and combination treatments yield similar economic impacts. However, we find that the interpersonal skills training improves women\u2019s interpersonal skills (e.g., negotiation, empathy and collaboration), while the combination training improves men\u2019s intrapersonal skills (e.g., emotional awareness and perseverance). The positive impacts on women\u2019s business performance are strongest in norm supportive environments \u2014 where there is little perceived judgment from the community for defying traditional gender roles \u2014 with no evidence of an effect on their agency or decision-making power. Our results suggest that while SES programs are effective at improving women\u2019s economic outcomes, accelerating broader empowerment may require complementary programs to help relax gender norms.","geographic_units":[{"name":"Nigeria","code":"NGA"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Gender"},{"name":"Agriculture"},{"name":"Entrepreneurship"},{"name":"Socioemotional Skills"},{"name":"Firms"},{"name":"Nigeria"}],"topics":[{"id":"J16","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Economics of Gender \u2022 Non-labor Discrimination","parent_id":"J1"},{"id":" J24","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Human Capital \u2022 Skills \u2022 Occupational Choice \u2022 Labor Productivity","parent_id":"J2"},{"id":" O12","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development","parent_id":"O1"},{"id":" Q12","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets","parent_id":"Q1"},{"id":" L26","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Entrepreneurship","parent_id":"L2"}],"output":[{"type":"Working Paper","description":"Policy Research Working Papers (PRWP)","title":"Turning Inward and\/or Outward: Which Socioemotional Skills Pay For Agribusiness Entrepreneurs In Nigeria?"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Sreelakshmi Papineni","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"spapineni@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"datasets":[{"name":"Economic Impact of Different Socioemotional Skills on Agribusiness in Nigeria Survey data","access_type":"Data is forthcoming in the World Bank Microdata Library","citation":"World Bank. (2026). Economic Impact of Different Socioemotional Skills on Agribusiness in Nigeria Survey data [dataset]. [Forthcoming].","uri":"Forthcoming at https:\/\/microdata.worldbank.org\/"}],"reproduction_instructions":"To reproduce the results:\n1. Download the forthcoming data when it is available and place it in the appropriate folder as specified in the README.  \n2. Open `master.do` and update the directory in line 9.\n3. Run the code in Stata; all output files will be generated automatically.\nIn the meantime, the outputs from the replicator\u2019s run of the code are included in this package so users can review the figures and compare them with those published in the paper.","technology_requirements":"Runtime: 20 minutes","technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 11 Enterprise\n\u2022 Processor: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6226R CPU @ 2.90GHz\n\u2022 Memory available: 16.0 GB"},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open Code"},{"tag":"Restricted Data"}],"schematype":"script"}