{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DECDI","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2026-02-17","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Jingyuan Deng","affiliation":"University of Oxford","email":"jingyuan.deng@economics.ox.ac.uk"},{"name":"Gianluca Mele","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"gmele@worldbank.org"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility Package for Conflicts And Firm Outcomes: Evidence From West Bank And Gaza Over The Last Decade","idno":"RR_PSE_2026_555"},"data_statement":"Some data is restricted and has not been included in the reproducibility package.","software":[{"name":"R","version":"4.5.1"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for Conflicts And Firm Outcomes: Evidence From West Bank And Gaza Over The Last Decade","date":"2026-02","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","file_name":"RR_PSE_2026_555","zip_package":"RR_PSE_2026_555.zip","dependencies":"R dependencies are listed in the file renv.lock."}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2026-02-17","abstract":"This paper presents novel firm-level evidence - based on an enterprise survey from June 2025 - on the impact of conflict exposure on firm performance in a setting characterized by chronic instability. We find that, even under persistent conflict conditions, exposure significantly reduces firm sales and propensity to invest, with the former\u2019s magnitude being consistent with  prior literature findings. We further find that a key mechanism driving this outcome is conflict-induced power outage, which exhibit an elasticity close to unity. Power outages account for roughly one third of the overall impact of conflict exposure on sales in the West Bank and Gaza. We also find that smaller firms tend to de-prioritize concerns over taxation and corruption under conflict exposure, whereas larger firms and exporters maintain these concerns and place greater emphasis on access to finance and political instability, respectively.","geographic_units":[{"name":"Palestine","code":"PSE"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Firm"},{"name":"Growth"},{"name":"Performance"},{"name":"Conflict"},{"name":"Econometrics"},{"name":"Business"},{"name":"Fcv"}],"topics":[{"id":"D21","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Firm Behavior: Theory","parent_id":"D2"},{"id":" D74","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Conflict \u2022 Conflict Resolution \u2022 Alliances \u2022 Revolutions","parent_id":"D7"},{"id":" C1","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology:  General","parent_id":"C"},{"id":" L25","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Firm Performance: Size, Diversification, and Scope","parent_id":"L2"},{"id":" Q4","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Energy","parent_id":"Q"}],"output":[{"type":"Working Paper","description":"Policy Research Working Papers (PRWP)","title":"Conflicts And Firm Outcomes: Evidence From West Bank And Gaza Over The Last Decade"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"technology_requirements":"Runtime: 10 minutes.","disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Gianluca Mele","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"gmele@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"datasets":[{"name":"Armed Conflict Location & Event Data (ACLED)","access_type":"Data is publicly available but does not allow redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package.","license_uri":"https:\/\/acleddata.com\/terms-and-conditions","note":"Source: ACLED.\nData was downloaded from the data URL by selecting the dates from 1900-01-01 to 2025-02-26 (yyyy-mm-dd) and country Palestine, selecting \"population_1km\", \"population_2km\", \"population_5km\", \"population_best\", and\nData file: \"Data\/ACLED data\/1900-01-01-2025-02-26-Palestine.csv\".\nData was accessed in March 2025.","uri":"https:\/\/acleddata.com\/conflict-data\/data-export-tool","citation":"Raleigh, C., Kishi, R., Linke, A.\n\u201cPolitical instability patterns are obscured by conflict dataset scope conditions, sources, and coding choices\u201d\nHumanities and Social Sciences Communications, 25 February 2023.\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/s41599-023-01559-4"},{"name":"World Bank Enterprise Surveys","note":"Source: World Bank.\nData files: \"Data\/WBES\/2019\/West Bank and Gaza-2019-full data.dta\", \"Data\/WBES\/2023\/West-Bank-and-Gaza-2023-full-data.dta\", \"Data\/WBES\/Panel\/West-Bank-and-Gaza-2006-2013-2019-2023.dta\".\nData was accessed in March 2025.","access_type":"Data access requires human approval and is not included in the reproducibility package.","uri":"https:\/\/login.enterprisesurveys.org\/content\/sites\/financeandprivatesector\/en\/signin.html","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.enterprisesurveys.org\/en\/citing-the-data","citation":"World Bank.\n2025.\n\"World Bank Enterprise Surveys\" [dataset].\nhttps:\/\/login.enterprisesurveys.org\/content\/sites\/financeandprivatesector\/en\/signin.html.\nAccessed March 2025."},{"name":"World Bank Enterprise Surveys - GPS masked data for Palestine","note":"Source: World Bank.\nThe dataset is an augmented version from the public WBES dataset for Palestine for 2019, 2023, and 2024, that includes masked GPS firm location coordinates.\nData was requested by email to enterprisesurveys@worldbank.org.\nData files: \"Data\/WBES\/2019\/GPS_WBG 2019_April_04_2024-MASKED.dta\", \"Data\/WBES\/2023\/GPS_WBG 2023_April_04_2024-MASKED.dta\", \"Data\/WBES\/2024\/Round 1 Follow Up Anonymized.dta\".\nData was accessed in March 2025.","access_type":"Data access was granted directly to the study authors by the data owners. It was obtained with a custom data license that does not allow for redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package.","citation":"World Bank.\nn.d.\n\"World Bank Enterprise Surveys - GPS masked data for Palestine\" [dataset].\nUnpublished data.\nAccessed March 2025."},{"name":"Database of Global Administrative Areas (GADM)","license_uri":"https:\/\/gadm.org\/license.html","uri":"https:\/\/gadm.org\/download_country.html","license":"GADM license","note":"Source: GADM.\nData was downloaded from the data URL by selecting the country Palestine and \"Shapefile\".\nAll data files are listed in the README.\nData was accessed in March 2025.","access_type":"Data is publicly available but does not allow redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package.","citation":"GADM.\nn.d.\n\"Database of Global Administrative Areas (GADM)\" [dataset].\nhttps:\/\/gadm.org\/download_country.html\nAccessed March 2025."}],"reproduction_instructions":"**1. Access the data:** none of the datasets required to run the reproducibility package are included in the reproducibility package. Users need to gain access to the data before being able to run the entire code. See the section Datasets for more information.\n**2. Reproduce the programming environment or install all dependencies**: Replicate the environment with the file \"renv.lock\" included in the reproducibility package, or manually install the packages listed at the beginning of \"code.R\".\n**3. Run the code:** Run \"code.R\" to reproduce all results.\n\nSince not all the data are included, the package includes the results produced in the reproducibility verification in the folder \"Outputs\". These can be used to review the results presented in the paper.","technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 11 Enterprise, version 25H2\n\u2022 Processor: Intel(R) Core(TM) Ultra 7 165U (2.10 GHz)\n\u2022 Memory available: 31.5 GB"},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Limited-access Data"},{"tag":"Open Code"}],"schematype":"script"}