{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DECDI","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2026-02-24","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Nisan Gorgulu","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"ngorgulu@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Penelope Ann Mealy","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"pmealy@worldbank.org"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for Policy Pulse: Sensing The Sentiment Of Climate Policies In The Public Sphere","idno":"RR_WLD_2026_564"},"data_statement":"All data sources are publicly available but not all are included in the reproducibility package.","software":[{"name":"Stata","version":"19.5 MP"},{"name":"Python","version":"3.13"},{"name":"Excel"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for Policy Pulse: Sensing The Sentiment Of Climate Policies In The Public Sphere","date":"2026-02","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","file_name":"RR_WLD_2026_564","zip_package":"RR_WLD_2026_564.zip","dependencies":"Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder."}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2026-02-24","abstract":"Public sentiment towards climate policies plays a critical role in their adoption, implementation, and effectiveness. This paper introduces a novel methodology for assessing policy sentiment from news media articles for the period of 2017 \u2013 2023, applied here to climate policies. It focuses on two policy instruments that have received significant public opposition in recent years: carbon taxes and emissions trading schemes. Results show that sentiment scores for each article align with intuitive notions of positive and negative sentiment, and average sentiment scores at the country level are reasonably well aligned with public opinion surveys associated with each instrument. Sentiment time trends also map on well to key well-known public protest events such as the Yellow Vests protests in France. Sentiment is more positive for emissions trading schemes compared to carbon taxes, and this result holds across all income and regional groups. Findings further indicate that sentiment towards both carbon taxes and emission trading schemes has been improving over time. Given its cost-effectiveness, scalability, and timeliness in comparison to traditional surveys, this study offers a valuable and broadly applicable tool for tracking the pulse of policy sentiment in real time across a wide range of policy domains, including but not limited to climate policy.","geographic_units":[{"name":"World","code":"WLD"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Policy Sentiment"},{"name":"Carbon Pricing"},{"name":"Carbon Taxes"},{"name":"Emissions Trading Schemes"},{"name":"Media Analysis"},{"name":"Public Opinion"}],"topics":[{"id":"Q54","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Climate \u2022 Natural Disasters and Their Management \u2022 Global Warming","parent_id":"Q5"},{"id":" Q58","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Government Policy","parent_id":"Q5"},{"id":" H23","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Externalities \u2022 Redistributive Effects \u2022 Environmental Taxes and Subsidies","parent_id":"H2"}],"output":[{"type":"Working Paper","description":"Policy Research Working Papers (PRWP)","title":"Policy Pulse: Sensing The Sentiment Of Climate Policies In The Public Sphere"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"technology_requirements":"~2 minutes run time.","disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Nisan Gorgulu","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"ngorgulu@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"datasets":[{"name":"Carbon Pricing Sentiment Data","note":"Access year: 2024.\nFile names: GDELT.xlsx, GlobalSentimentTrends.csv. ","citation":"The GDELT Project. (n.d.) Global Database of Events, Language, and Tone (GDELT). Available at https:\/\/www.gdeltproject.org\/.\n","uri":"https:\/\/www.gdeltproject.org\/","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the package. "},{"name":"World Values Survey ","note":"Access year: 2024\nFile name: WVS.xlsx.\n","citation":"Inglehart, R., C. Haerpfer, A. Moreno, C. Welzel, K. Kizilova, J. Diez-Medrano, M. Lagos, P. Norris, E. Ponarin & B. Puranen et al. (eds.). (2014). \"World Values Survey: Round Six - Country-Pooled Datafile Version: https:\/\/www.worldvaluessurvey.org\/WVSDocumentationWV6.jsp [Data set]\". Madrid: JD Systems Institute.","uri":"https:\/\/www.worldvaluessurvey.org\/WVSContents.jsp","access_type":"Data is publicly available but does not allow redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"IMF-YouGOV Survey","note":"Access year: 2024.\nAuthors manually retrieved the data from the cited paper (figure 6 page 11). File name: YouGOV.xlsx.","citation":"Dabla-Norris, E., Helbling, T., Khalid, S., Khan, H., Magistretti, G., Sollaci, A., & Srinivasan, K. (2023). \"Public perceptions of climate mitigation policies: Evidence from cross-country surveys\". Staff Discussion Notes 2023. Available at https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Publications\/Staff-Discussion-Notes\/Issues\/2023\/02\/07\/Public-Perceptions-of-Climate-Mitigation-Policies-Evidence-from-Cross-Country-Surveys-528057.","uri":"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Publications\/Staff-Discussion-Notes\/Issues\/2023\/02\/07\/Public-Perceptions-of-Climate-Mitigation-Policies-Evidence-from-Cross-Country-Surveys-528057","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the package. "},{"name":"World Development Indicators (WDI) ","note":"Access year: 2024, 2025 respectively.\nIndicators used: GDP per capita (current US$), Carbon Intensity of GDP (kg CO2e per 2021 PPP $ of GDP).\nFile names: API_EN.GHG.CO2.RT.GDP.PP.KD_DS2_en_excel_v2_128125.xls and API_NY.GDP.PCAP.CD_DS2_en_excel_v2_1107224.","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the package. ","uri":"https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","license_uri":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/","citation":"World Bank. (n.d.). \"World Development Indicators [Dataset]\". World Bank. Available at https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/."},{"name":"World Bank Income Group Classification","note":"Access year: 2024.\nFile names: OGHIST_2025_10_07.xlsx.","uri":"https:\/\/datahelpdesk.worldbank.org\/knowledgebase\/articles\/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the package. ","citation":"World Bank. (n.d.). \"World Bank Income Group Classification\" [Data set]. World Bank. Available at \nhttps:\/\/datahelpdesk.worldbank.org\/knowledgebase\/articles\/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","license_uri":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"name":"Press Freedom Index Score","note":"Access year: 2025.\nFile name: RWB_PFI_SCORE.xlsx.","uri":"https:\/\/data360.worldbank.org\/en\/int\/indicator\/RWB_PFI_SCORE","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the package. ","citation":"Reporters Without Borders (RSF). (n.d.). \"World Press Freedom Index score (Annual data 2017\u20132023) [Data set]\". World Bank Data360. Available at https:\/\/data360.worldbank.org\/en\/indicator\/RWB_PFI_SCORE."},{"name":"UNDP People\u2019s Climate Vote 2024","note":"Access year: 2026.\nFile name: UNDP_ClimateVote.xlsx.","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the package. ","uri":"https:\/\/peoplesclimate.vote\/data-center","citation":"United Nations Development Programme. (2024). \"Peoples Climate Vote Database [Data set]\". UNDP. Available at https:\/\/peoplesclimate.vote\/data-center."}],"technology_environment":"\u2022 OS: Windows 11 Enterprise\n\u2022 Processor: Intel(R) Core(TM) Ultra 7 165U @ 2.60GHz\n\u2022 Memory available: 12 GB","reproduction_instructions":"To reproduce the findings in this study, please follow the steps below:\n1. Obtain the data set not included in the reproducibility package and place it in its respective folder.\n2. Change the directories in `mainPython.py` and `mainStata.do`.\n3. Run `mainPython.py` and `mainStata.do`."},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open Code"}],"schematype":"script"}