{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DECDI","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2026-03-23","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Musa Hasen Ahmed","affiliation":"Independent Consultant","email":"musahasen@gmail.com"},{"name":"Halefom Yigzaw Nigus","affiliation":"Policy Studies Institute and International Food Policy Research Institute","email":"halefom23@gmail.com"},{"name":"Hiwot Mekonnen Mesfin","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"hmesfin@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Gebrelibanos Gebremariam","affiliation":"Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia","email":"G.gebremedhin@gmail.com"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for Weather Shocks And Unintended Fertility In Sub-Saharan Africa","idno":"RR_AFR_2025_526"},"data_statement":"Some data is limited-access and has not been included in the reproducibility package. For more details, refer to the README file.","software":[{"name":"Stata","version":"18 MP"},{"name":"ArcGIS Pro","version":"3.5.3"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for Weather Shocks And Unintended Fertility In Sub-Saharan Africa","date":"2026-03","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","file_name":"RR_AFR_2025_526","zip_package":"RR_AFR_2025_526.zip","dependencies":"Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder."}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2026-03-23","abstract":"We examine the effects of drought shocks on unintended pregnancies across 18 sub-Saharan African countries. The results show that drought exposure increases the likelihood of unintended pregnancy by one to two percentage points (about 3% - 6%), depending on the specification. We further find that children born from unintended pregnancies are less likely to receive antenatal care, less likely to be delivered in health facilities, and more vulnerable to illness. We also find that unintended pregnancies have implications on women\u2019s labor market outcomes. Overall, the findings indicate that drought shocks intensify women\u2019s economic and reproductive vulnerabilities. Given the wide-ranging consequences of unintended births for both mothers and children, the results highlight the importance of integrating reproductive health interventions into climate adaptation policies.\n","geographic_units":[{"name":"Africa","code":"AFR"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Drought Shocks"},{"name":"Unintended Fertility"},{"name":"Women\u2019s Employment"},{"name":"Gender"},{"name":"Sub-\nSaharan Africa"}],"topics":[{"id":"I12","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Health Behavior","parent_id":"I1"},{"id":" I18","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Government Policy \u2022 Regulation \u2022 Public Health","parent_id":"I1"},{"id":" Q54","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Climate \u2022 Natural Disasters and Their Management \u2022 Global Warming","parent_id":"Q5"},{"id":" J13","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Fertility \u2022 Family Planning \u2022 Child Care \u2022 Children \u2022 Youth","parent_id":"J1"}],"output":[{"type":"Working Paper","description":"Policy Research Working Papers (PRWP)","title":"Weather Shocks And Unintended Fertility In Sub-Saharan Africa"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"technology_requirements":"Run time: ~ 6 hours","disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Hiwot Mekonnen Mesfin","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"hmesfin@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"datasets":[{"name":"Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) ","license_uri":"https:\/\/dhsprogram.com\/Data\/terms-of-use.cfm","uri":"https:\/\/dhsprogram.com\/data\/dataset_admin\/login_main.cfm;jsessionid=38AA921B4F92FB1E55E6E25BE78AAE49.cfusion?CFID=207585736&CFTOKEN=72b4afa0fd47e4b1-42B4DA51-FB91-ADA0-1AD618FBF4871629","note":"Data accessed in February 2023. Data from 18 Sub-Saharan African countries, with uneven rounds\/waves per country. Files are located in data\/DHS_SSA\/ (survey data), data\/DHS_SSA\/GPS\/; DHS_Spatial_Data\/DHS_coordinates (geolocation coordinates), and individual recode files (IR files) used for mechanism analyses. Access requires creating an account and submitting a data request. For the full list of requested files, refer to the data availability table in the README.\n\n","access_type":"Data access requires purchase or human approval and is not included in the reproducibility package.","citation":"ICF. 2020-2023. Demographic and Health Surveys (various) [dataset]. Funded by USAID. Rockville, Maryland: ICF [Distributor]. Accessed February 2023"},{"name":"Africa Boundaries","note":"Data accessed in February 2023. Polygon boundaries for African countries.\nFile location: data\/DHS_SSA\/AFRICA\/; DHS_Spatial_Data\/Africa_Boundaries-shp.\n","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","uri":"https:\/\/hub.arcgis.com\/datasets\/geoduck::africa-boundaries\/about","license_uri":"https:\/\/hub.arcgis.com\/datasets\/geoduck::africa-boundaries\/about","citation":"Esri. Africa Boundaries [dataset]. https:\/\/hub.arcgis.com\/datasets\/geoduck::africa-boundaries\/about. Accessed February 2023."},{"name":"Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED)","license_uri":"https:\/\/acleddata.com\/terms-and-conditions","note":"Data accessed in January 2023. Conflict event data for Africa covering 1 January 1999 to 31 December 2023, in CSV format. Regions included: Eastern, Middle, Northern, Southern, and Western Africa. All event types included. File location: DHS_Spatial_Data\/Conflict.\n","citation":"Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED). 2023. ACLED Dataset. Accessed January 2023. Available at https:\/\/acleddata.com\/","uri":"https:\/\/acleddata.com\/conflict-data\/data-export-tool","access_type":"Data is publicly available but does not allow redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"Global Agro Ecological Zones (GAEZ)","note":"Version 4 accessed in February 2023. Crop suitability indices for 13 crops (maize, rice, wheat, sorghum, pearl millet, cassava, yam, soybean, chickpea, coffee, cacao, oil palm, white potato) based on rainfed production systems and long-run climate averages (1971\u20132000). Downloaded via the GAEZ Data Viewer as GeoTIFF rasters. \nFile Location: DHS_Spatial_Data\/FAO_GAEZ. \n","citation":"FAO and IIASA. Global Agro Ecological Zones version 4 (GAEZ v4). Accessed February 2023. URL:  http:\/\/www.fao.org\/gaez\/","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.fao.org\/contact-us\/terms\/en\/","uri":"https:\/\/gaez-services.fao.org\/apps\/theme-4\/","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS)","citation":"Funk, C., P. Peterson, M. Landsfeld, D. Pedreros, J. Verdin, S. Shukla, G. Husak, et al. (2015). The climate hazards infrared precipitation with stations: A new environmental record for monitoring extremes. Scientific Data, 2, 150066.","note":"Version 2.0 accessed in February 2023. Monthly rainfall data covering 1981\u20132023 at 0.05\u00b0 spatial resolution for Africa, in GeoTIFF format. \\\nFile Location: DHS_Spatial_Data\/Rainfall\/CHRIPS. ","uri":"https:\/\/www.chc.ucsb.edu\/data\/chirps","access_type":"Data is publicly available but not included in the reproducibility package due to file size constraints.","license":"Creative Commons"},{"note":"Version 4.08 accessed in February 2023. Monthly mean temperature (tmp) data covering 1981\u20132023 at 0.5\u00b0 spatial resolution, in NetCDF format. \nFile Location:  DHS_Spatial_Data\/Temperature\/ \n","name":"Climatic Research Unit gridded Time Series (CRU TS v4.08)","citation":"Harris, I., Osborn, T. J., Jones, P., & Lister, D. (2020). Version 4 of the CRU TS monthly high-resolution gridded multivariate climate dataset. Scientific data, 7(1), 109.","uri":"https:\/\/crudata.uea.ac.uk\/cru\/data\/hrg\/index.htm#current","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/doc\/open-government-licence\/version\/3\/","license":"Open Government Licence v3.0.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package."}],"reproduction_instructions":"1. **Secure Access to Data:** Access the datasets not included in the package. See subsection Datasets for more details.\n2. **Download and Place Data:** Once the data is accessed, users should place it in the appropriate folder.\n3. **Run the Package:** After placing the data in the folder:\n       - Follow the steps \"Construction of Geospatial Variables Using ArcGIS and Stata\" to process the datasets in ArcGIS.\n       - Update the global in line 20 of the do-file \"dofile\/Main\" to your folder's location, and run the do-file. \n       - Update the global in lines 18 and 19 of the do-file \"replicate_mechanisms\/dofile\/Main_Mechanisms\" to your folder's location, and run the do-file. \n       \n\nSince all the data is not included, the package includes the results produced by replicators. These files can be used to review the results presented in the paper. ","technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 11 Enterprise\n\u2022 Processor: INTEL(R) XEON(R) PLATINUM 8562Y+ 2.80 GHz (2 processors)\n\u2022 Memory available: 32 GB"},"datacite":{"creators":[{"givenName":"Musa Hasen","familyName":"Ahmed","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Consultant"}]},{"givenName":"Halefom Yigzaw","familyName":"Nigus","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"Policy Studies Institute and International Food Policy Research Institute"}]},{"givenName":"Hiwot Mekonnen","familyName":"Mesfin","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"World Bank"}]},{"givenName":"Gebrelibanos","familyName":"Gebremariam","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia"}]}],"titles":[{"lang":"en","title":"Reproducibility package for Weather Shocks And Unintended Fertility In Sub-Saharan Africa"},{"title":"RR_AFR_2025_526","titleType":"Other"}],"publisher":"World Bank","publicationYear":"2026","types":{"resourceType":"Reproducibility package","resourceTypeGeneral":"Other"},"url":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org\/index.php\/catalog\/study\/RR_AFR_2025_526","language":"en"},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Limited-access"},{"tag":"Limited-access data"},{"tag":"Open Code"}],"schematype":"script"}