{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DECDI","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2026-04-03","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Gabriel Englander","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"aenglander@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Aishwarya Agarwal","affiliation":"University of Texas at Austin","email":"aishwarya.agarwal@utexas.edu"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for Deterring Industrial Vessels From African Coastal Fisheries","idno":"RR_AFR_2026_596"},"data_statement":"All data sources are publicly available but not all are included in the reproducibility package due to file size constraints.","software":[{"name":"R","version":" 4.4.1"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for Deterring Industrial Vessels From African Coastal Fisheries","date":"2026-04","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","file_name":"RR_AFR_2026_596","zip_package":"RR_AFR_2026_596.zip","dependencies":"R dependencies are listed in the file renv.lock."}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2026-04-03","abstract":"Can African countries deter industrial fishing vessels from near-shore waters reserved for artisanal fishers? Using radar data released in 2024, this paper provides the first causal evaluation of these Inshore Exclusion Zones (IEZs). Regression discontinuity estimates reveal deterrence in 6 of 20 African countries. Next, we apply bunching estimators to obtain counterfactual vessel distributions uncontaminated by spillovers outside IEZ boundaries. We capture extensive\u2011margin effects by calibrating a discrete choice vessel location model to our bunching estimates. Bioeconomic calculations indicate that IEZs increase artisanal fisher catch by enough to meet key micronutrient requirements for 7 million people.","geographic_units":[{"name":"Africa","code":"AFR"}],"keywords":[{"name":"African Natural Resources Management"},{"name":"Industrial And Artisanal Fisheries"},{"name":"Causal Inference"}],"topics":[{"id":"Q22","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Fishery \u2022 Aquaculture","parent_id":"Q2"},{"id":" Q28","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Government Policy","parent_id":"Q2"},{"id":" O13","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Agriculture \u2022 Natural Resources \u2022 Energy \u2022 Environment \u2022 Other Primary Products","parent_id":"O1"},{"id":" C21","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Cross-Sectional Models \u2022 Spatial Models \u2022 Treatment Effect Models \u2022 Quantile Regressions","parent_id":"C2"},{"id":" O55","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Africa","parent_id":"O5"}],"output":[{"type":"Working Paper","description":"Policy Research Working Papers (PRWP)","title":"Deterring Industrial Vessels From African Coastal Fisheries"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"technology_requirements":"Run time: ~ 5 days (Excluding the scripts bunching.R, bunching_bootstrap_3.R, and bunching_bootstrap_4.R); ~ 10 days (for the entire package).","disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Gabriel Englander","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"aenglander@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"datasets":[{"name":"Inshore Exclusion Zones Boundaries","note":"Authors' compilation based on Table 1 of Belhabib et al. (2020a). The IEZ boundaries reported in the paper were retained and, where applicable, modified to represent areas where all industrial fishing is prohibited. See Supplemental Appendix A for details on data transformation. File location: Data\/IEZ_Boundary.xlsx.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package. ","citation":"Authors' compilation based on: Belhabib, D., Cheung, W. W. L., Kroodsma, D., Lam, V. W. Y., Underwood, P. J., & Virdin, J. (2020). Catching industrial fishing incursions into inshore waters of Africa from space. Fish and Fisheries, 21(2), 379\u2013392. Data downloaded December 4, 2024."},{"name":"Industrial Vessels and Offshore Infrastructure Data","note":"Data accessed in June 2024 from Paolo et al. (2024). Files: Data\/SAR\/industrial_vessels_v20240102.csv","access_type":"Data is publicly available but not included in the reproducibility package due to file size constraints.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/globalfishingwatch.org\/terms-of-use\/","uri":"https:\/\/globalfishingwatch.org\/data-download\/datasets\/public-paper-industrial-activity-2024","citation":"Paolo, F. S., Kroodsma, D., Raynor, J., Hochberg, T., Davis, P., Cleary, J., Marsaglia, L., Orofino, S., Thomas, C., & Halpin, P. (2024). Satellite mapping reveals extensive industrial activity at sea. Nature, 625(7993), 85\u201391. https:\/\/globalfishingwatch.org\/data-download\/datasets\/public-paper-industrial-activity-2024. Downloaded June 26, 2024."},{"name":"The Global Fishing Watch Anchorages Dataset","note":"Data accessed in March 2025. File location: Data\/named_anchorages_v2_20221206.csv.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/globalfishingwatch.org\/terms-of-use\/","uri":"https:\/\/globalfishingwatch.org\/data-download\/datasets\/public-anchorages","citation":"Global Fishing Watch. (2023). Anchorages (Version 2). https:\/\/globalfishingwatch.org\/data-download\/datasets\/public-anchorages. Downloaded March 26, 2025."},{"name":"Global Apparent Fishing Effort Dataset, Version 2.0","note":"Data accessed in September 2024. Files in folder: Data\/fleet-daily-csvs-100\/fleet-daily-csvs-100-v2-yyyy for years 2017\u20132020.","access_type":"Data is publicly available but not included in the reproducibility package due to file size constraints.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/globalfishingwatch.org\/terms-of-use\/","uri":"https:\/\/globalfishingwatch.org\/data-download\/datasets\/public-fishing-effort-v1-v2-archived","citation":"Global Fishing Watch. (2024). 2017\u20132020 Global Apparent Fishing Effort dataset (fleet-daily-csvs-100), Version 2.0. https:\/\/globalfishingwatch.org\/data-download\/datasets\/public-fishing-effort-v1-v2-archived. Downloaded September 26, 2024."},{"name":"Global Apparent Fishing Effort Dataset, Version 3.0","note":"Data accessed in March 2025. Files in folder: Data\/fleet-daily-csvs-100\/fleet-daily-csvs-100-v3-2021.","access_type":"Data is publicly available but not included in the reproducibility package due to file size constraints.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/","uri":"https:\/\/zenodo.org\/records\/14982712","citation":"Global Fishing Watch. (2025). 2021 global apparent fishing effort dataset (fleet-daily-csvs-100), Version 3.0. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.14982712. Downloaded March 19, 2025."},{"name":"MODIS-Aqua Sea Surface Temperature Data","note":"Data accessed in September 2024. File locations: Data\/sst; Data\/sst_control.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Creative Commons Zero (CC0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\/data-use-guidance","uri":"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/data\/catalog\/pocloud-modis-aqua-l3-sst-thermal-daily-4km-daytime-v2019.0-2019.0#overview","citation":"NASA. (2019). MODIS-Aqua sea surface temperature data (Level 3, mapped, annual, 4 km, 11 \u03bcm daytime). NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Ocean Ecology Laboratory, Ocean Biology Processing Group. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5067\/MODSA-1D4D9. Downloaded September 20, 2024."},{"name":"MODIS-Aqua Chlorophyll-a Data","note":"Data accessed in September 2024. File locations: Data\/chl; Data\/chl_control.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Creative Commons Zero (CC0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\/data-use-guidance","uri":"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/data\/catalog\/ob-cloud-modisa-l3m-chl-nrt-2022.0","citation":"NASA. (2014). MODIS-Aqua chlorophyll-a data (Level 3, mapped, annual, 4 km). NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Ocean Ecology Laboratory, Ocean Biology Processing Group. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5067\/AQUA\/MODIS_OC.2014.0. Downloaded September 20, 2024."},{"name":"ETOPO 2022 Global Relief Model","note":"Data accessed in September 2024. File locations: Data\/exportImage.tiff; Data\/Bedrock_60arcseconds_control.tif.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license":" Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication (CC0-1.0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/data.noaa.gov\/metaview\/page?xml=NOAA\/NESDIS\/NGDC\/MGG\/DEM\/\/iso\/xml\/etopo_2022.xml&view=getDataView&header=none","uri":"https:\/\/data.noaa.gov\/metaview\/page?xml=NOAA\/NESDIS\/NGDC\/MGG\/DEM\/\/iso\/xml\/etopo_2022.xml&view=getDataView&header=none","citation":"NOAA. (2022). ETOPO 2022 global relief model (Bedrock, 30 arc-second resolution). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25921\/fd45-gt74. Downloaded September 16, 2024."},{"name":"Maritime Boundaries Geodatabase: Maritime Boundaries and Exclusive Economic Zones (200NM), Version 12","note":"Data accessed in August 2024. Files in folder: Data\/World_EEZ_v12_20231025\/.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.vliz.be\/nl\/imis?dasid=8394&doiid=911","uri":"https:\/\/www.vliz.be\/nl\/imis?dasid=8394&doiid=911","citation":"Flanders Marine Institute. (2023). Maritime boundaries geodatabase: Maritime boundaries and exclusive economic zones (200NM), Version 12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14284\/632. Downloaded August 20, 2024."},{"name":"The Global Fishing Index: Data V1.1","note":"Data accessed in September 2024. File location: Data\/Global Fishing Index 2021 Data for Download V1.1.xlsx.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode","uri":"https:\/\/zenodo.org\/records\/14888827","citation":"Minderoo Foundation. (2021). The Global Fishing Index: Data V1.1. Perth, Western Australia. https:\/\/zenodo.org\/records\/14888827. Downloaded September 11, 2024."},{"name":"Africa Boundaries","note":"Data accessed in August 2024. Files in folder: Data\/Africa_Boundaries-shp\/.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Custom License","license_uri":"https:\/\/hub.arcgis.com\/datasets\/07610d73964e4d39ab62c4245d548625\/explore?location=4.971007%2C41.248820%2C3","uri":"https:\/\/hub.arcgis.com\/datasets\/07610d73964e4d39ab62c4245d548625\/explore?location=4.971007%2C41.248820%2C3","citation":"Ruth, M. (2014). Africa Boundaries compiled from GADM (Database of Global Administrative Areas). https:\/\/hub.arcgis.com\/datasets\/07610d73964e4d39ab62c4245d548625. Downloaded August 20, 2024."},{"name":"World Bank Official Boundaries","note":"Data accessed in February 2025. Files in folder: Data\/WB_countries_Admin0_10m\/.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/int\/public-licenses?fragment=cc","uri":"https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/search\/dataset\/0038272\/world-bank-official-boundaries","citation":"World Bank. (2024). World country polygons \u2014 very high definition. https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/int\/search\/dataset\/0038272\/world-bank-official-boundaries. Downloaded February 3, 2025."},{"name":"Worldwide Governance Indicators","note":"Data accessed in October 2024. File location: Data\/wgidataset.xlsx.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/about\/legal\/terms-of-use-for-datasets","uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/publication\/worldwide-governance-indicators","citation":"World Bank. (2024). Worldwide Governance Indicators, 2024 update. https:\/\/www.govindicators.org. Downloaded October 31, 2024."},{"name":"World Development Indicators","note":"Data accessed in October 2024 and February 2025. Indicators accessed: Population, total (SP.POP.TOTL); GDP per capita (current US$). File locations: Data\/d24b9ae7-b737-4a7a-9e88-47dbf552b49a_Data.csv; Data\/API_NY.GDP.PCAP.CD_DS2_en_csv_v2_76317.csv.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/about\/legal\/terms-of-use-for-datasets","uri":"https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/source\/world-development-indicators","citation":"World Bank. 2025. \"World Development Indicators\" [dataset]. Indicators accessed: Population, total (SP.POP.TOTL); GDP per capita (current US$). https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/source\/world-development-indicators. Accessed 2024 and 2025."},{"name":"Global Fishing Effort Database","note":"Data accessed in February 2025. File location: Data\/TotalEffortby_FGroup_EEZ_Sector.csv.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/","uri":"https:\/\/metadata.imas.utas.edu.au\/geonetwork\/srv\/eng\/catalog.search#\/metadata\/1241a51d-c8c2-4432-aa68-3d2bae142794","citation":"Rousseau, Y., Blanchard, J., Novaglio, C., Kirsty, P., Tittensor, D., Watson, R., & Ye, Y. (2022). Global Fishing Effort [dataset]. Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania (UTAS). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25959\/MNGY-0Q43. Downloaded February 14, 2025."},{"name":"The Future of Food from the Sea Data","note":"Data accessed in February 2025. File locations: Data\/Unlumped_ProjectionData.csv; Data\/Unlumped_ProjectionData_allyears.csv.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license":"CC0 1.0 Universal","license_uri":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/","uri":"https:\/\/datadryad.org\/dataset\/doi:10.25349\/D96G6H","citation":"Costello, C., Ovando, D., Clavelle, T., Strauss, C. K., Hilborn, R., Melnychuk, M. C., Branch, T. A., Gaines, S. D., Szuwalski, C. S., & Cabral, R. B. (2016). Global fishery prospects under contrasting management regimes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(18), 5125\u20135129. https:\/\/datadryad.org\/dataset\/doi:10.25349\/D96G6H. Downloaded February 6, 2025."},{"name":"Sea Around Us \u2013 Exclusive Economic Zone Catch Data","note":"Data accessed in February 2025 via the Sea Around Us API. Contains marine catch reconstructions for five EEZs: EEZ 288 (Ghana), EEZ 430 and EEZ 566 (West African mainland), EEZ 478 (Mauritania), and EEZ 694 (West African mainland). File locations: Data\/SAU EEZ 288 v50-1.csv; Data\/SAU EEZ 430 v50-1.csv; Data\/SAU EEZ 478 v50-1.csv; Data\/SAU EEZ 566 v50-1.csv; Data\/SAU EEZ 694 v50-1.csv. Data are accessible via the Sea Around Us API at https:\/\/api.seaaroundus.org\/api\/v1\/eez\/tonnage\/taxon\/ using the respective region IDs (288, 430, 478, 566, 694).","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.seaaroundus.org\/terms-and-conditions\/","uri":"https:\/\/www.seaaroundus.org\/","citation":"(1) Belhabib, D., et al. (2020). Updating to 2018 the catch reconstructions for 14 countries of the West African mainland. Fisheries Centre Research Report, 28(5), pp. 115\u2013147. (2) Kane, E. A., et al. (2020). Mauritania: Updated catch reconstruction for 2011\u20132018. Fisheries Centre Research Report, 28(5), pp. 60\u201364. (3) Polido, R., et al. (2020). Ghana: Updated catch reconstruction for 2011\u20132018. Fisheries Centre Research Report, 28(5), pp. 40\u201345. Pauly, D., Zeller, D., and Palomares, M.L.D. (Editors) (2020). Sea Around Us Concepts, Design and Data. www.seaaroundus.org. Downloaded February 14, 2025."},{"name":"Supplementary Data from: Virdin et al. (2023)","note":"Data accessed in October 2024. File location: Data\/43016_2023_844_MOESM3_ESM.xlsx.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/","uri":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s43016-023-00844-4#data-availability","citation":"Virdin, J., Basurto, X., Nico, G., Harper, S., del Mar Mancha-Cisneros, M., Vannuccini, S., Ahern, M., Anderson, C. M., Funge-Smith, S., & Gutierrez, N. L. (2023). Fishing for subsistence constitutes a livelihood safety net for populations dependent on aquatic foods around the world. Nature Food, 4(10), 874\u2013885. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s43016-023-00844-4. Downloaded October 31, 2024."},{"name":"100th Degree Overpass Data for Africa","note":"Data shared directly by David Kroodsma of Global Fishing Watch with the authors in June 2024. Each file covers a year-month of overpass rasters at 1\/100th of a degree resolution for Africa (bounding box: lat_min = -39, lat_max = 39, lon_min = -29, lon_max = 57). Overpasses represent the sum of Sentinel-2 satellite overpasses per grid cell. File locations: Data\/100th degree overpass data\/overpass_africa_100_yyyy_m.csv for years 2017\u20132021, all months.\n\n","citation":"Paolo, F.S., Kroodsma, D., Raynor, J. et al. Satellite mapping reveals extensive industrial activity at sea. Nature 625, 85\u201391 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-023-06825-8. Accessed June 26, 2024. ","access_type":"Data is publicly available but not included in the reproducibility package due to file size constraints.","uri":"https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/search\/dataset\/0067067\/100th_degree_overpass_data","license":"Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0","license_uri":"https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/int\/public-licenses?fragment=cc"}],"reproduction_instructions":"To reproduce the findings in this paper, a replicator must:\n1. **Secure Access to Data:** Access the datasets not included in the package. See subsection Datasets for more details.\n2. **Download and Place Data:** Once the data is accessed, users should place it in the appropriate folder.\n3. **Run the Package:** After placing the data in the folder:\n         - Open the R project \"iez_clone\", and restore the environment by running the R script \"Code\/RUN THIS FIRST\".\n         - Run the following scripts in order: main_make_data, main_make_data_control, and main_analysis\n\nSince all the data is not included, the package includes the results produced by replicators. These files can be used to review the results presented in the paper. ","technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 11 Enterprise\n\u2022 Processor: INTEL(R) XEON(R) PLATINUM 8562Y+ 2.80 GHz (2 processors)\n\u2022 Memory available: 128 GB"},"datacite":{"creators":[{"givenName":"Gabriel","familyName":"Englander","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"World Bank"}]},{"givenName":"Aishwarya","familyName":"Agarwal","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas at Austin"}]}],"titles":[{"lang":"en","title":"Reproducibility package for Deterring Industrial Vessels From African Coastal Fisheries"},{"title":"RR_AFR_2026_596","titleType":"Other"}],"publisher":"World Bank","publicationYear":"2026","types":{"resourceType":"Reproducibility package","resourceTypeGeneral":"Other"},"url":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org\/index.php\/catalog\/study\/RR_AFR_2026_596","language":"en"},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open Code"},{"tag":"Open Data"}],"schematype":"script"}