{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DECDI","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2026-04-21","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Monica Yanez-Pagans","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"myanezpagans@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Andr\u00e9s Ham","affiliation":"Universidad de los Andes","email":"a.ham@uniandes.edu.co"},{"name":"Emmanuel Vazquez","affiliation":"Universidad Nacional de La Plata","email":"evazquez@cedlas.org"},{"name":"Camilla Knudsen","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"cknudsen@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Saher Asad","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"sasad1@worldbank.org"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for Occupational Mobility And Green Transition: A Stylized Estimation Of Skill Investment Needs In South Asia","idno":"RR_WLD_2026_623"},"data_statement":"Some data is restricted and has not been included in the reproducibility package. For more details, refer to the README file.","software":[{"name":"Stata ","version":"19.0 MP"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for Occupational Mobility And Green Transition: A Stylized Estimation Of Skill Investment Needs In South Asia","date":"2026-04","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","file_name":"RR_WLD_2026_623","zip_package":"RR_WLD_2026_623.zip","dependencies":"Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder."}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2026-04-21","abstract":"This paper estimates the share of green employment in seven South Asian countries using an O*NET-based definition and finds that, on average, 24 percent of jobs in the region are currently green. We then assess the potential for non-green workers to transition into green occupations. Among all non-green workers, 57 percent could transition to green jobs with limited reskilling, 16 percent with moderate upskilling, and 27 percent with full skills reconversion. These results suggest three policy priorities\u2014promoting on-the-job training, strengthening firm-based and public\u2013private training systems, and adopting a dual strategy that invests in reskilling and upskilling today\u2019s workforce while simultaneously advancing forward-looking education reforms that equip future cohorts for new and emerging green occupations.","geographic_units":[{"name":"World","code":"WLD"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Climate Change"},{"name":"Labor Markets"},{"name":"Green Transitions"},{"name":"Green Skills"},{"name":"Green Jobs"},{"name":"Occupational Mobility"},{"name":"Skills Development Needs"}],"topics":[{"id":"J21","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure","parent_id":"J2"},{"id":" J24","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Human Capital \u2022 Skills \u2022 Occupational Choice \u2022 Labor Productivity","parent_id":"J2"},{"id":" J62","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility","parent_id":"J6"},{"id":" O57","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Comparative Studies of Countries","parent_id":"O5"},{"id":" Q01","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Sustainable Development","parent_id":"Q0"},{"id":" Q58","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Government Policy","parent_id":"Q5"}],"output":[{"type":"Working Paper","description":"Policy Research Working Papers (PRWP) 11373","title":"Occupational Mobility And Green Transition: A Stylized Estimation Of Skill Investment Needs In South Asia","uri":"https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10986\/44803","doi":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1596\/1813-9450-11373"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Monica Yanez-Pagans","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"myanezpagans@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"datasets":[{"name":"ISCO-08 \/ 2010 SOC Crosswalk","note":"The ISCO-08 \/ 2010 SOC - Crosswalk between the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08)\nand the 2010 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) produced by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. \nAccessed: 05\/26\/21. \nFile location: Replication Package\/Data\/bls\/isco_soc_crosswalk_stata.xlsx\n","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.\n","license":"U.S. Public Domain","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/copyright-information.htm","uri":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/soc\/isco_soc_crosswalk.xls","citation":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. \"ISCO-08 \/ 2010 SOC Crosswalk\" [dataset]. https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/soc\/isco_soc_crosswalk.xls. Accessed May 2021\n"},{"name":"Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) 2018","note":"Data accessed on 06\/04\/21. The 2018 Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics database at the national level is produced by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. File location: Replication Package\/Data\/bls\/occupational employment and wage statistics\/national_M2018_dl.xlsx\n","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.\n","license":"U.S. Public Domain","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/opub\/copyright-information.htm","uri":"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/oes\/special-requests\/oesm18nat.zip","citation":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2018. \"Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics - National Level\" [dataset]. https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/oes\/special-requests\/oesm18nat.zip. Accessed June 2021. \n"},{"name":"European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations (ESCO) - Green Skills Collection","note":"Data accessed on 05\/27\/2024. A dataset with green skills from ESCO (European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations) version 1.2.0. ESCO is the European multilingual classification of Skills, Competences and Occupations. File location: Replication Package\/Data\/esco\/greenSkillsCollection_en.csv\n","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.\n","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/legal-notice_en#copyright-notice","uri":"https:\/\/esco.ec.europa.eu\/en\/use-esco\/download","citation":"European Commission. 2024. \"ESCO Green Skills Collection, version 1.2.0\" [dataset]. https:\/\/esco.ec.europa.eu\/en\/use-esco\/download. Accessed May 2024.\n"},{"name":"European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations (ESCO) -  Occupation-Skill Relations","note":"Data accessed on 05\/27\/2024. A dataset linking skills to occupations from ESCO (European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations) Version 1.2.0. ESCO is the European multilingual classification of Skills, Competences and Occupations. File location: Replication Package\/Data\/esco\/occupationSkillRelations_en.csv\n","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.\n","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/legal-notice_en#copyright-notice","uri":"https:\/\/esco.ec.europa.eu\/en\/use-esco\/download","citation":"European Commission. 2024. \"ESCO Occupation-Skill Relations, version 1.2.0\" [dataset]. https:\/\/esco.ec.europa.eu\/en\/use-esco\/download. Accessed May 2024.\n"},{"name":"European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations (ESCO) -  Occupations","note":"Data accessed on 05\/27\/2024. A dataset linking ESCO occupations to ISCO-08 from ESCO version 1.2.0. File location: Replication Package\/Data\/esco\/occupations_en.csv\n","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.\n","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/legal-notice_en#copyright-notice","uri":"https:\/\/esco.ec.europa.eu\/en\/use-esco\/download","citation":"European Commission. 2024. \"ESCO Occupations, version 1.2.0\" [dataset]. https:\/\/esco.ec.europa.eu\/en\/use-esco\/download. Accessed May 2024. \n"},{"name":"Green Task Intensity by ISCO-08 Occupation","note":"Dataset shared by email by Josefina Posadas on 10\/19\/2022. A dataset with the Green Task Intensity for each ISCO-08 code at the 4-digit level, from the toolkit in Granata and Posadas (2024), \"Why Look at Tasks When Designing Skills Policy for the Green Transition? A Methodological Note on How to Identify Green Occupations and the Skills They Require\". File location: Replication Package\/Data\/granata and posadas\/Green occupations.xlsx\n","access_type":"Data access was granted directly to the study authors by the data owners\/managers. It was obtained with a custom data license that does not allow for redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package.\n","uri":"https:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/en\/publication\/documents-reports\/documentdetail\/099507304172419760","citation":"Granata, J. and Posadas, J. 2024. \"Why Look at Tasks When Designing Skills Policy for the Green Transition? A Methodological Note on How to Identify Green Occupations and the Skills They Require\" [dataset]. World Bank. https:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/en\/publication\/documents-reports\/documentdetail\/099507304172419760. Accessed ****\n"},{"name":"Bangladesh \u2013 Quarterly Labour Force Survey 2022","note":"Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), accessed via the Global Labor Database (GLD).\nFile location: Replication Package\/Data\/sar household surveys\/BGD_2022_QLFS_V01_M_V01_A_GLD_ALL.dta\nWorld Bank staff can request access to data by visiting the link: https:\/\/worldbank.github.io\/gld\/Support\/A%20%20Guides%20and%20Documentation\/GLD%20Manual%20Files\/GLD%20content%2C%20storage%2C%20and%20access.html#data-storage-platforms-and-access-rules.\n","access_type":"Data access was granted directly to the study authors by the data owners\/managers. It was obtained with a custom data license that does not allow for redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package.\n","license":"Custom License","citation":"Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS). Labor Force Survey (BGD-LFS), Bangladesh 2022 [dataset]. Harmonized version accessed through the Global Labor Database (GLD). \n"},{"name":"Bhutan \u2013 Labour Force Survey 2022","note":"Data shared by the government with the World Bank Group. File location: Replication Package\/Data\/sar household surveys\/LFS2022_PUF.dta\n","access_type":"Data access was granted directly to the study authors by the data owners\/managers. It was obtained with a custom data license that does not allow for redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package.\n","license":"Custom License","citation":"Royal Government of Bhutan. 2022. \"Bhutan Labour Force Survey 2022\" [dataset]. Unpublished data. Accessed May 15, 2024.\n"},{"name":"India \u2013 Periodic Labour Force Survey 2022\/23","note":"Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, accessed via the Global Labor Database (GLD), World Bank. File location: Replication Package\/Data\/sar household surveys\/IND_2022_PLFS_V01_M_V02_A_GLD_ALL.dta.\nWorld Bank staff can request access to data by visiting the link: https:\/\/worldbank.github.io\/gld\/Support\/A%20%20Guides%20and%20Documentation\/GLD%20Manual%20Files\/GLD%20content%2C%20storage%2C%20and%20access.html#data-storage-platforms-and-access-rules.\n","access_type":"Data access was granted directly to the study authors by the data owners\/managers. It was obtained with a custom data license that does not allow for redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package.\n","license":"Custom License","uri":"https:\/\/microdata.gov.in\/NADA\/index.php\/catalog\/210","citation":"World Bank. 2022. \"India \u2013 Periodic Labour Force Survey 2022\/23\", Harmonized version accessed through the Global Labor Database (GLD). Accessed November 7, 2024. "},{"name":"Maldives \u2013 Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2019","note":"Shared by the Maldives Bureau of Statistics with the World Bank Group. File location: Replication Package\/Data\/sar household surveys\/hies_2019.dta\n","access_type":"Data access was granted directly to the study authors by the data owners\/managers. It was obtained with a custom data license that does not allow for redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package.\n","license":"Custom License","citation":"Government of Maldives (Maldives Bureau of Statistics). 2019. \"Maldives Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2019\" [dataset] . Unpublished. Accessed October 2, 2023.\n"},{"name":"Nepal \u2013 Living Standards Survey 2022\/23","note":"Shared by the government (Nepal National Statistics office) with the World Bank Group. File location: Replication Package\/Data\/sar household surveys\/NLSS23_raw.dta\n","access_type":"Data access was granted directly to the study authors by the data owners\/managers. It was obtained with a custom data license that does not allow for redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package.\n","license":"Custom License","citation":"Government of Nepal. 2023. \"Nepal Living Standards Survey 2022\/23\" [dataset]. Unpublished. Accessed July 25, 2024.\n"},{"name":"Pakistan \u2013 Labour Force Survey 2020\/21","note":"Harmonized microdata from the Global Labor Database (GLD), World Bank. File location: Replication Package\/Data\/sar household surveys\/PAK_2020_LFS_V01_M_V04_A_GLD_ALL.dta. World Bank staff can request access to the data by visiting the link: https:\/\/worldbank.github.io\/gld\/Support\/A%20%20Guides%20and%20Documentation\/GLD%20Manual%20Files\/GLD%20content%2C%20storage%2C%20and%20access.html#data-storage-platforms-and-access-rules.\n","access_type":"Data access was granted directly to the study authors by the data owners\/managers. It was obtained with a custom data license that does not allow for redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package.\n","license":"Custom License","citation":"World Bank. 2020. \"Pakistan \u2013 Labour Force Survey 2020\/21\", Harmonized version accessed through the Global Labor Database (GLD).\n"},{"name":"Sri Lanka \u2013 Labour Force Survey 2021","note":"Department of Census and Statistics (DCS), Harmonized microdata from the Global Labor Database (GLD), World Bank. File location: Replication Package\/Data\/Raw\/LKA_2021_LFS_V01_M_V03_A_GLD_ALL.dta.\nWorld Bank staff can request access to the data by visiting the link: https:\/\/worldbank.github.io\/gld\/Support\/A%20%20Guides%20and%20Documentation\/GLD%20Manual%20Files\/GLD%20content%2C%20storage%2C%20and%20access.html#data-storage-platforms-and-access-rules.\n","access_type":"Data access was granted directly to the study authors by the data owners\/managers. It was obtained with a custom data license that does not allow for redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package.\n","license":"Custom License","license_uri":"https:\/\/microdata.worldbank.org\/index.php\/catalog","uri":"https:\/\/microdata.worldbank.org\/index.php\/catalog","citation":"World Bank. 2021. \"Sri Lanka \u2013 Labour Force Survey 2021\", Harmonized version accessed through the Global Labor Database (GLD). "},{"name":"ISCO-08 to ISCO-88 Correspondence Table","note":"Accessed on 12\/07\/2022. The ISCO-08 to ISCO-88 correspondence table produced by the International Labour Organization (ILO). File location: Replication Package\/Data\/isco correspondence\/corrtab08-88.xls\n","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.\n","license":"ILO Open Licence","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/global\/copyright\/lang--en\/index.htm","uri":"https:\/\/ilostat.ilo.org\/methods\/concepts-and-definitions\/classification-occupation\/","citation":"International Labour Organization (ILO). \"ISCO-08 to ISCO-88 Correspondence Table\" [dataset]. https:\/\/ilostat.ilo.org\/methods\/concepts-and-definitions\/classification-occupation\/.Accessed December 2022. \n"},{"name":"ISCO Classification and Skill Levels","note":"Data accessed on 04\/24\/23. The \"Excel file with ISCO-08, -88, -68, -58 and skill levels\" produced by ILOSTAT. File location: Replication Package\/Data\/isco correspondence\/ISCO.xlsx\n","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.\n","license":"ILO Open Licence","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/global\/copyright\/lang--en\/index.htm","uri":"https:\/\/ilostat.ilo.org\/methods\/concepts-and-definitions\/classification-occupation\/","citation":"ILOSTAT. \"ISCO-08, -88, -68, -58 and Skill Levels\" [dataset]. https:\/\/ilostat.ilo.org\/methods\/concepts-and-definitions\/classification-occupation\/. Accessed April 2023. \n"},{"name":"O*NET Green Occupations","note":"Data accessed on 05\/18\/21 from the O*NET Resource Center. A list of all green occupations with their corresponding categories, O*NET-SOC code and title. File location: Replication Package\/Data\/o-net\/Green Occupations.xlsx\n","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.\n","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/","uri":"https:\/\/www.onetcenter.org\/dl_files\/database\/db_22_0_excel\/Green%20Occupations.xlsx","citation":"National Center for O*NET Development. \"O*NET Green Occupations\" [dataset]. https:\/\/www.onetcenter.org\/dl_files\/database\/db_22_0_excel\/Green%20Occupations.xlsx. Accessed May 2021. \n"},{"name":"O*NET Related Occupations Matrix","note":"The O*NET matrix of related occupations with career changers and career starters used to define green rival upskilling and reskilling occupations. Retrieved on 06\/11\/21 from the O*NET Resource Center. File location: Replication Package\/Data\/o-net\/Related Occupations Matrix.xlsx\n","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.\n","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/","uri":"https:\/\/www.onetcenter.org\/dl_files\/database\/db_28_2_excel\/Related%20Occupations.xlsx","citation":"National Center for O*NET Development. \"O*NET Related Occupations Matrix\" [dataset]. https:\/\/www.onetcenter.org\/dl_files\/database\/db_28_2_excel\/Related%20Occupations.xlsx. Accessed June 2021. \n"},{"name":"O*NET 2010 SOC Occupations","note":"A list of all O*NET-SOC 2010 codes, titles, and descriptions. Retrieved on 06\/03\/21 from the O*NET Resource Center. File location: Replication Package\/Data\/o-net\/2010_Occupations.xlsx\n","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.\n","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/","uri":"https:\/\/www.onetcenter.org\/dl_files\/database\/db_28_2_excel\/Occupation%20Data.xlsx","citation":"National Center for O*NET Development. \"O*NET-SOC 2010 Occupation Data\" [dataset]. https:\/\/www.onetcenter.org\/dl_files\/database\/db_28_2_excel\/Occupation%20Data.xlsx. Accessed June 2021. \n"},{"name":"Qualifications Database - 2024","note":"Data accessed on 02\/01\/2025. India Skill Council for Green Jobs, A list of green job qualifications and associated occupations based on ISCO-08 from Skill Council for Green Jobs (2024), \u201cGreen Jobs Handbook\u201d, as well as qualification packs and qualification files and model curricula from the National Qualifications Register (NQR). File location: Replication Package\/Data\/skill council for green jobs\/Qualifications database - update 2024.xlsx\n","uri":"https:\/\/sscgj.in\/ https:\/\/www.nqr.gov.in\/","citation":"Skill Council for Green Jobs (SCGJ). (2024). Green Jobs Handbook and Qualification Packs [Dataset]. Available from the Skill Council for Green Jobs: https:\/\/sscgj.in\/ and the National Qualifications Register: https:\/\/www.nqr.gov.in\/. Accessed February 1, 2025.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package."}],"reproduction_instructions":"To reproduce the exhibits in the paper, the user should do the following: \n1. Secure Access to Data: Access the datasets not included in the package. See the Datasets section for more details. \n2. Update the working directory of the `0_master` do file and run the code. \n\nAs some data is restricted, the reproducibility package includes the outputs produced by the replicators. Interested users can verify this against the published paper.","technology_requirements":"Runtime: 3 minutes","technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 11 Enterprise\n\u2022 Processor: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6226R CPU @ 2.90GHz (2.90 GHz) (2 processors)\n\u2022 Memory available: 16 GB"},"datacite":{"creators":[{"givenName":"Monica","familyName":"Yanez-Pagans","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"World Bank"}]},{"givenName":"Andr\u00e9s","familyName":"Ham","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de los Andes"}]},{"givenName":"Emmanuel","familyName":"Vazquez","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Nacional de La Plata"}]},{"givenName":"Camilla","familyName":"Knudsen","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"World Bank"}]},{"givenName":"Saher","familyName":"Asad","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"World Bank"}]}],"titles":[{"lang":"en","title":"Reproducibility package for Occupational Mobility And Green Transition: A Stylized Estimation Of Skill Investment Needs In South Asia"},{"title":"RR_WLD_2026_623","titleType":"Other"}],"publisher":"World Bank","publicationYear":"2026","types":{"resourceType":"Reproducibility package","resourceTypeGeneral":"Other"},"url":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org\/index.php\/catalog\/study\/RR_WLD_2026_623","language":"en","doi":"10.60572\/g2cf-cf89","prefix":"10.60572","suffix":"g2cf-cf89"},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open Code"},{"tag":"Restricted Data"}],"schematype":"script"}