{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DECDI","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2026-06-10","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Maria Eugenia Genoni","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"mgenoni@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Patricia Justino","affiliation":"UNU-WIDER","email":"justino@wider.unu.edu"},{"name":"Federico Haslop","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"fhaslop@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Joan Margalef","affiliation":"UNU-WIDER","email":"margalef@wider.unu.edu"},{"name":"Laura Saavedra-Lux","affiliation":"UNU-WIDER","email":"saavedralux@wider.unu.edu"},{"name":"Alia Aghajanian","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"aaghajanian@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Wendy Karamba","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"wkaramba@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Irfana Khatoon","affiliation":"UNU-CPR","email":"irfana.khatoon@unu.edu"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for Poverty And Fragility Report: Fragility At The Core Of Global Poverty","idno":"RR_WLD_2026_615"},"data_statement":"Some data is restricted and has not been included in the reproducibility package. For more details, please refer to the README file. ","software":[{"name":"R","version":"4.5.2"},{"name":"Stata","version":"19.5"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for Poverty And Fragility Report: Fragility At The Core Of Global Poverty","date":"2026-06","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","file_name":"RR_WLD_2026_615","zip_package":"RR_WLD_2026_615.zip","dependencies":"R dependencies are listed in the file renv.lock. Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder."}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2026-06-10","abstract":"Fragility at the Core of Global Poverty, complements the 2024 Poverty, Prosperity, and Planet Report (3PR) by examining how extreme poverty has become increasingly concentrated in fragile and conflict affected settings. Drawing on new harmonized data and analytical tools, the report documents how fragility and poverty reinforce one another, how this relationship has evolved across countries and regions, and what it implies for poverty reduction efforts.","geographic_units":[{"name":"World","code":"WLD"}],"output":[{"type":"World Bank Reports & Flagships","description":"World Bank Reports & Flagships","title":"Reproducibility package for Poverty And Fragility Report: Fragility At The Core Of Global Poverty"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"technology_requirements":"Runtime: 2 hours","disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"MIT License","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/mit"},{"name":"World Bank IGO Rider","uri":"https:\/\/github.com\/worldbank\/metadata-editor\/blob\/main\/WB-IGO-RIDER.md"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Maria Eugenia Genoni","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"mgenoni@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"datasets":[{"name":"World Bank Country and Lending Groups","uri":"https:\/\/datahelpdesk.worldbank.org\/knowledgebase\/articles\/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Source: World Bank\nFilename: CLASS.dta","citation":"World Bank. \"World Bank Country and Lending Groups\" [dataset]. https:\/\/datahelpdesk.worldbank.org\/knowledgebase\/articles\/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups. Accessed July 2025.","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/about\/legal\/terms-of-use-for-datasets","license":"Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)"},{"name":"World Development Indicators Country Metadata","uri":"https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/source\/world-development-indicators","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Source: World Bank\nFilename: WDI_Metadata_20240730.xlsx","citation":"World Bank. \"World Development Indicators Country Metadata\" [dataset]. Accessed 2024. https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/source\/world-development-indicators","license_uri":" https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/about\/legal\/terms-of-use-for-datasets","license":"Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)  "},{"name":"Fragility and Conflict Affected Situations Lists FY06 to FY26","uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/topic\/fragilityconflictviolence\/brief\/classification-of-fragile-and-conflict-affected-situations","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Source: World Bank\nFilename: fcs_fy26.xlsx","citation":"World Bank Group. 2025. \"Fragility and Conflict Affected Situations Lists FY06 to FY26\" [dataset]. https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/topic\/fragilityconflictviolence\/brief\/classification-of-fragile-and-conflict-affected-situations. Accessed July 2025."},{"name":"Poverty and Inequality Platform data","uri":"https:\/\/pip.worldbank.org\/","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Source: World Bank\nFilename: pip_website_20251015.csv, poverty_lineup.dta. Indicators used: Poverty headcount ratio (2021 PPP) (3 USD) with interpolated values.","citation":"World Bank Group. 2025. \"Poverty and Inequality Platform data\" [dataset]. https:\/\/pip.worldbank.org\/. Accessed October 2025.","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/about\/legal\/terms-of-use-for-datasets Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)","license":"Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)"},{"name":"Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA) ","uri":"https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/source\/country-policy-and-institutional-assessment","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Source: World Bank\nFilename: wdi_cpia_20250723.csv","citation":"World Bank. 2025. \"Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA) \" [dataset]. https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/source\/country-policy-and-institutional-assessment. Accessed July 2025.","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/about\/legal\/terms-of-use-for-datasets","license":"Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)"},{"name":"Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA) Scores","uri":"https:\/\/cpia.afdb.org\/","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Source: African Development Bank\nFilename: afdb_cpia_20250723.xls","citation":"African Development Bank. 2025. \"Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA) Scores \" [dataset]. https:\/\/cpia.afdb.org\/. Accessed July 2025.","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.afdb.org\/en\/terms-and-conditions"},{"name":"Country Performance Assessment (CPA)","uri":"https:\/\/data.adb.org\/dashboard\/country-performance-assessment-cpa","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Source: Asian Development Bank\nFilename: asdb_cpia_20250723.xls","citation":"Asian Development Bank. 2025. \"Country Performance Assessment (CPA)\" [dataset]. https:\/\/data.adb.org\/dashboard\/country-performance-assessment-cpa. Accessed July 2025.","license_uri":"https:\/\/data.adb.org\/terms-use-data","license":"CC BY 3.0 IGO License"},{"name":"Armed Conflict Location & Event Data (ACLED)","uri":"https:\/\/acleddata.com\/conflict-data\/data-export-tool","access_type":"Data is publicly available but does not allow redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Source: ACLED.\nFile location: Chapter 1\\0_Data\\raw_data\\Conflict, Chapter 3\\data\\raw, Chapter 2\\1_Data\\raw_data\\Conflict\nData was accessed in July 2025. ","citation":"Armed Conflict Location & Event Data. 2025. \"Armed Conflict Location & Event Data\" [dataset]. https:\/\/acleddata.com\/conflict-data\/data-export-tool. Accessed July 2025.","license_uri":"https:\/\/acleddata.com\/terms-and-conditions"},{"name":"Georeferenced Event Dataset (GED) Global","uri":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jopres\/xjag046","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Source: Uppsala Conflict Data Program\nFile location: Chapter 1\\0_Data\\raw_data\\Conflict\nData was accessed in July 2025.","citation":"Shawn Davies, Ther\u00e9se Pettersson, Magnus \u00d6berg, Organized violence 1989\u20132025, and violent political protests, Journal of Peace Research, 2026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jopres\/xjag046","license_uri":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/","license":"CC BY 4.0"},{"name":"Refugee Population Statistics Database","uri":"https:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/refugee-statistics\/download","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Source: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)\nFile location: Chapter 1\\0_Data\\raw_data\\UNHCR. Data was accessed in August 2025. ","citation":"United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre. 2025. \"Refugee Population Statistics Database\" [dataset]. https:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/refugee-statistics. Accessed August 2025.","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/contact-us\/terms-and-conditions-use"},{"name":"Peacekeeping Operations data","uri":"https:\/\/peacekeeping.un.org\/en","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Source: United Nations.\nFile location: Chapter 1\\0_Data\\raw_data\\UN\\un_peacekeep_20250724.xlsx\nData was accessed in July 2025. ","citation":"United Nations. 2025. \"Peacekeeping Operations data\" [dataset]. https:\/\/peacekeeping.un.org\/en. Accessed July 2025.","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/about-us\/copyright"},{"name":"Subnational population distributions data","uri":" https:\/\/pipmaps.worldbank.org\/en\/data\/datatopics\/poverty-portal\/poverty-geospatial","access_type":"Data access was granted directly to the study authors by the data owners. It was obtained with a custom data license that does not allow for redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Source: World Bank\nData was accessed in 2025. File names: panel_data_2010_2023_20251008.dta, crossectional_data_2023_20251008.dta. \nSubnational poverty rate data (headcount ratios) are publicly available through the URL below. However, the authors used subnational population distribution data, which is restricted and was obtained directly from the team.","citation":"World Bank. 2025. \"Global Subnational Atlas of Poverty (GSAP)\" [dataset]. https:\/\/pipmaps.worldbank.org\/en\/data\/datatopics\/poverty-portal\/poverty-geospatial. Accessed July 2025."},{"name":"GRIP global roads database","access_type":"Data is publicly available but not included in the reproducibility package due to file size constraints.","note":"Source: GLOBIO\nData was accessed in 2025. File names: GRIP4_density_tp1\/grip4_tp1_dens_m_km2.asc (highway density), GRIP4_density_tp2\/grip4_tp2_dens_m_km2.asc","uri":"https:\/\/www.globio.info\/download-grip-dataset","citation":"Meijer, J.R., Huijbregts, M.A.J., Schotten, C.G.J. and Schipper, A.M. (2018): Global patterns of current and future road infrastructure. Environmental Research Letters, 13-064006. Data is available at www.globio.info","license_uri":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/deed.en","license":"CC0 1.0 Universal"},{"name":"Subnational Indicators data","uri":"https:\/\/globaldatalab.org\/shdi\/","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Source: Glocal Data Lab\nData was accessed in 2023. File names: GDL-CorruptionData-1.0.csv, Demographics Data v2.1.csv, Education and Work Data v2.1.csv, Health Data v2.1.csv, Wealth Data v2.1.csv. Variables used: data on utilities, school attendance, vaccination and Corruption index.","license_uri":"https:\/\/globaldatalab.org\/termsofuse\/","citation":"Glocal Data Lab. 2025. \"Subnational Indicators data\" [dataset]. https:\/\/globaldatalab.org\/shdi\/. Accessed 2023."},{"name":"World Bank Development Indicators","uri":"https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/source\/world-development-indicators","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Data was accessed in May 2025. Downloaded via Python API. File location: data\/raw\/WBstdata.csv. Key variables: GDP, population, employment, immunization, education enrollment, government expenditure, FDI, inflation, natural rents. Foreign aid data stored at data\/raw\/foreign_aid.csv. Years used: 2000\u20132024.","citation":"World Bank. 2024. \"World Bank Development Indicators\" [dataset]. https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/source\/world-development-indicators.","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/about\/legal\/terms-of-use-for-datasets ","license":"Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)"},{"name":"Varieties of Democracy Dataset (V-Dem)","uri":"https:\/\/www.v-dem.net\/data\/the-v-dem-dataset\/","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Source: University of Gothenburg\nData accessed in February 2025. Downloaded via the vdemdata R package. File location: data\/raw\/vdem_data.csv. Key variables: v2svstterr, v2x_execorr, v2x_rule, v2x_polyarchy, v2xpe_exlsocgr, v2x_civlib, v2csprtcpt, v2x_partip, v2pepwrsoc.","citation":"Maerz, Seraphine F., Amanda B. Edgell, Sebastian Hellemeier, Nina Illchenko, and Linnea Fox. 2026. vdemdata: An R package to load, explore and work with the most recent V-Dem (Varieties of Democracy) dataset. https:\/\/github.com\/vdeminstitute\/vdemdata","license_uri":"https:\/\/github.com\/vdeminstitute\/vdemdata\/releases","license":"CC-BY-SA"},{"name":"The Quality of Government Standard Dataset","uri":"https:\/\/www.gu.se\/en\/quality-government\/qog-data\/data-downloads\/standard-dataset","access_type":"Data is publicly available but does not allow redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Source: University of Gothenburg\nData was accessed in April 2025. File location: data\/raw\/qog_std_ts_jan25.dta. Key variables: cbi_cbiu (central bank independence, unweighted), cbi_cbiw (central bank independence, weighted).","citation":"Teorell, Jan, Aksel Sundstr\u00f6m, S\u00f6ren Holmberg, Bo Rothstein, Natalia Alvarado Pachon, Victor Saidi Phiri, Chuwei Chen & Zhen Liu. 2026. The Quality of Government Standard Dataset, version Jan26. University of Gothenburg: The Quality of Government Institute, https:\/\/www.gu.se\/en\/quality-government. https:\/\/doi:10.18157\/qogstdjan26","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.gu.se\/en\/quality-government\/qog-data\/data-downloads\/standard-dataset"},{"name":"SDG 4 Country Profiles data","uri":"https:\/\/www.uis.unesco.org\/en\/data\/sdg4-country-profiles?hub=172","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) \nData was accessed in February 2025. File location: data\/raw\/SDG_DATA_NATIONAL.csv. Key variables: out-of-school rates (primary, lower & upper secondary), completion rates, government education expenditure as % of GDP (XGDP.FSGOV).","citation":"UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). 2024. \"SDG 4 Country Profiles data\" [dataset]. https:\/\/www.uis.unesco.org\/en\/data\/sdg4-country-profiles?hub=172 Accessed Feb 2025.","license_uri":"https:\/\/databrowser.uis.unesco.org\/terms-and-conditions","license":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International "}],"reproduction_instructions":"To reproduce the findings in this paper, a replicator must:\n1. **Secure Access to Data:** Obtain access to the datasets that are not included in the reproducibility package. See the **Datasets** subsection for details. \n2. **Download and Place Data:** Once access has been granted, download the datasets and place them in the appropriate folders as specified in the package documentation.\n3. **Run the Package:** After placing the data in the appropriate folders, execute the replication files as follows: \n- **Chapters 1 and 4** - Open `0_main_stata.do`, update the path in line 13, and run the do-file. - Open `Reproducibility Package.Rproj`, navigate to the **Chapter 1 and 4** folder, and run `1_main_R.R`. \n- **Chapter 2** - Navigate to the `Chapter 2\/0_Code` folder and run `replication_ch2_figures.R`.\n- **Chapter 3** - Navigate to the **Chapter 3** folder and run the following scripts in order: `1 clean and merge data.R`, `2 prediction exercise.R`, `3 graphs.R` All outputs will be generated in the corresponding chapter folders.\n\nSince some of the data is not included, the package includes the results produced by replicators. These files can be used to review the results presented in the paper.","technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 11 Enterprise\n\u2022 Processor: INTEL(R) XEON(R) PLATINUM 8562Y+ 2.80 GHz (2 processors)\n\u2022 Memory available: 128 GB"},"datacite":{"creators":[{"givenName":"Maria Eugenia","familyName":"Genoni","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"World Bank","affiliationIdentifier":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ae7jd04","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR","schemeUri":"https:\/\/ror.org"}]},{"givenName":"Patricia","familyName":"Justino","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"UNU-WIDER","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR","schemeUri":"https:\/\/ror.org"}]},{"givenName":"Federico","familyName":"Haslop","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"World Bank","affiliationIdentifier":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ae7jd04","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR","schemeUri":"https:\/\/ror.org"}]},{"givenName":"Joan","familyName":"Margalef","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"UNU-WIDER","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR","schemeUri":"https:\/\/ror.org"}]},{"givenName":"Laura","familyName":"Saavedra-Lux","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"UNU-WIDER","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR","schemeUri":"https:\/\/ror.org"}]},{"givenName":"Alia","familyName":"Aghajanian","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"World Bank","affiliationIdentifier":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ae7jd04","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR","schemeUri":"https:\/\/ror.org"}]},{"givenName":"Wendy","familyName":"Karamba","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"World Bank","affiliationIdentifier":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ae7jd04","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR","schemeUri":"https:\/\/ror.org"}]},{"givenName":"Irfana","familyName":"Khatoon","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"UNU-CPR","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR","schemeUri":"https:\/\/ror.org"}]}],"titles":[{"lang":"en","title":"Reproducibility package for Poverty And Fragility Report. Fragility At The Core Of Global Poverty."},{"title":"RR_WLD_2026_615","titleType":"Other"}],"publisher":"World Bank","publicationYear":"2026","types":{"resourceType":"Reproducibility package","resourceTypeGeneral":"Other"},"url":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org\/index.php\/catalog\/study\/RR_WLD_2026_615","language":"en"},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open Code"},{"tag":"Restricted Data"}],"schematype":"script"}