{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DECDI","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2026-06-16","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Rita Ramalho","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"rramalho@ifc.org"},{"name":"Galileu Kim","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"galileukim@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Tanu Kumar","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"tkumar2@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Rogelio Granguillhome Ocha","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"rgranguillhomeoc@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Stuart Russell","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"srussell2@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Greg Larson","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"glarson4@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Paul Phumpiu Chang","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"N\/A - passed away"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for Institutions And Prosperity: Public Institutions For Enabling The Private Sector With A Focus On Public Procurement And Regulatory Institutions.","idno":"FR_WLD_2026_664"},"data_statement":"Some data is restricted and has not been included in the reproducibility package. For more details, please refer to the README file. ","software":[{"name":"R","version":"4.5.2"},{"name":"Stata","version":"19.5"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for Institutions And Prosperity: Public Institutions For Enabling The Private Sector With A Focus On Public Procurement And Regulatory Institutions.","date":"2026-06","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","file_name":"FR_WLD_2026_664","zip_package":"FR_WLD_2026_664.zip","dependencies":"R dependencies are listed in the file renv.lock. Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder."}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2026-06-16","abstract":"Institutions for Prosperity: Public Institutions for Enabling the Private Sector examines private sector development through a critical but often overlooked lens: the capacity of public institutions to implement their policy mandates effectively. The report provides evidence that investing in institutional capacity can generate returns far greater than simply increasing spending on \u201cgovernment-as-usual\u201d programs. Drawing on extensive evidence and data, it offers policymakers a practical approach to diagnose the often-complex challenges facing public institutions and identify pathways for addressing them, with a focus on public procurement and regulatory institutions.","geographic_units":[{"name":"World","code":"WLD"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Institutional Capacity"},{"name":"Governance"},{"name":"Human Resource Management"},{"name":"Public Financial Management"},{"name":"Information Systems"},{"name":"Accountability"},{"name":"Transparency"},{"name":"Independence"},{"name":"Public Procurement"},{"name":"Regulations"}],"output":[{"description":"World Bank Reports & Flagships","title":"Institutions And Prosperity: Public Institutions For Enabling The Private Sector With A Focus On Public Procurement And Regulatory Institutions."}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"technology_requirements":"Runtime: 1 hour","disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"MIT License","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/mit"},{"name":"World Bank IGO Rider","uri":"https:\/\/github.com\/worldbank\/metadata-editor\/blob\/main\/WB-IGO-RIDER.md"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Rita Ramalho","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"rramalho@ifc.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"datasets":[{"name":"The Global Survey of Public Servants (GSPS)","uri":"https:\/\/www.globalsurveyofpublicservants.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2023-11\/GSPS_Indicators_Dataset_11_10_23.xlsx","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Source: World Bank  \nFile location: gsps.csv. Accessed 2024. Used in Chapter 1.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)","citation":"Fukuyama, Francis \u00ae Daniel Rogger \u00ae Zahid Hasnain \u00ae Katherine Bersch \u00ae Dinsha Mistree \u00ae Christian Schuster \u00ae Kim Sass Mikkelsen \u00ae Kerenssa Kay \u00ae Jan Meyer-Sahling (2022) Global Survey of Public Servants Global Indicator Data Set (version 1; April 2022). Available at https:\/\/www.globalsurveyofpublicservants.org\/data-downloads"},{"name":"GovTech Maturity Index (GTMI)","uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/programs\/govtech\/gtmi","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Source: World Bank\nFile location: WBG_GovTech Dataset_Oct2022.xlsx (Chapter 1); reused as gtmi.xlsx in Chapter 2.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/about\/legal\/terms-of-use-for-datasets","citation":"World Bank. \"GovTech Maturity Index (GTMI)\" [dataset]. https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/programs\/govtech\/gtmi. Accessed 2022."},{"name":"World Bank Country and Lending Groups","uri":"https:\/\/datahelpdesk.worldbank.org\/knowledgebase\/articles\/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Source: World Bank \nFile location: regional classification.dta (Chapter 1); reused as regions.dta (Chapter 2). ","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/about\/legal\/terms-of-use-for-datasets","citation":"World Bank. \"World Bank Country and Lending Groups\" [dataset]. https:\/\/datahelpdesk.worldbank.org\/knowledgebase\/articles\/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups. Accessed 2024."},{"name":"BOOST Open Budget Portal \u2014 Armenia","uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/programs\/boost-portal\/country-data","access_type":"Data is classified as World Bank internal use only and is therefore not included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Source: World Bank\nFile location: boost\/boost_arm_2006_2022.xlsx. Accessed 2024. Used in Chapter 1.","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/programs\/boost-portal\/country-data","citation":"World Bank. \"BOOST Open Budget Portal \u2014 Armenia\" [dataset]. https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/programs\/boost-portal\/country-data"},{"name":"BOOST Open Budget Portal \u2014 Paraguay","uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/programs\/boost-portal\/country-data","access_type":"Data is classified as World Bank internal use only and is therefore not included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Source: World Bank\nFile location: boost\/boost_pgy_2006_2022.xlsx. Accessed 2024. Used in Chapter 1.","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/programs\/boost-portal\/country-data","citation":"World Bank. \"BOOST Open Budget Portal \u2014 Paraguay\" [dataset]. https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/programs\/boost-portal\/country-data"},{"name":"BOOST Open Budget Portal \u2014 Uganda","uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/programs\/boost-portal\/country-data","access_type":"Data is classified as World Bank internal use only and is therefore not included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Source: World Bank File location: boost\/boost_uga_2004_2022.xlsx. Accessed 2024. Used in Chapter 1.","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/programs\/boost-portal\/country-data","citation":"World Bank. \"BOOST Open Budget Portal \u2014 Uganda\" [dataset]. https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/programs\/boost-portal\/country-data"},{"name":"Methodology for Assessing Procurement Systems (MAPS)","uri":"https:\/\/www.mapsinitiative.org\/","access_type":"Data access was granted directly to the study authors by the data owners. It was obtained with a custom data license that does not allow for redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Source: OECD File location: maps.xlsx. Used in Chapter 2.","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/en\/about\/terms-conditions.html","citation":"OECD. \"Methodology for Assessing Procurement Systems (MAPS)\" [dataset]. https:\/\/www.mapsinitiative.org\/. Accessed 2024."},{"name":"Business Ready (B-READY) ","uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/businessready\/data","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Source: World Bank.\nFile location: cwg.xlsx. Used in Chapter 2.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/about\/legal\/terms-of-use-for-datasets","citation":"World Bank. \"Business Ready (B-READY) \" [dataset]. https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/businessready\/data. Accessed 2024."},{"name":"World Bank Development Indicators","uri":"https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/source\/world-development-indicators","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Source: World Bank  \nFile location: wdi.csv. Accessed 2024. Used in Chapter 2. Macroeconomic covariates including GDP per capita (2015 USD), population, and other country-level indicators used to construct control variables.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/about\/legal\/terms-of-use-for-datasets","citation":"World Bank. 2024. \"World Bank Development Indicators\" [dataset]. https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/source\/world-development-indicators."},{"name":"BOOST Open Budget Portal \u2014 Burkina Faso","uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/programs\/boost-portal","access_type":"Data is classified as World Bank internal use only and is therefore not included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Source: World Bank\nFile location: bfa.xlsx. Accessed 2024. Used in Chapter 2.","citation":"World Bank. \"BOOST Open Budget Portal \u2014 Uganda\" [dataset]. https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/programs\/boost-portal\/country-data","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/programs\/boost-portal"},{"name":"Regulatory Tracker data","uri":"https:\/\/datahub.itu.int\/","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Source: International Telecommunication Union (ITU)\nFile locations: itu_appointment.csv, itu_workforce.csv, itu_broadband.csv, itu_coverage.csv, itu_decision_making.csv, itu_dispute_resolution.csv, itu_institutional_structure.csv, itu_investment.csv, itu_mobile_dropped_call_ratio.csv, itu_mobile_subscription.csv, itu_revenue.csv. Accessed 2024. Used in Chapter 3.","license":"ITU terms of use","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/en\/Pages\/accessibility.aspx","citation":"International Telecommunication Union (ITU). \"Regulatory Tracker data\" [dataset]. https:\/\/datahub.itu.int\/"},{"name":"Indicators of Regulatory Policy and Governance (iREG)","uri":"https:\/\/data-explorer.oecd.org\/vis?tm=regulatory%20governance&pg=0&snb=33&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_QDD_GOV_REG%40DF_GOV_REG&df[ag]=OECD.GOV.GIP&df[vs]=1.0&dq=A.AUS...P_M%2BP_O%2BP_SA%2BP_TR%2BS_M%2BS_O%2BS_SA%2BS_TR%2B_Z&pd=2014,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Source: OECD\nFile location: oecd_gsr.xlsx. Accessed 2024. Used in Chapter 3.","license":"OECD terms of use","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/en\/about\/terms-conditions.html","citation":"OECD. 2024. \"Indicators of Regulatory Policy and Governance (iREG)\" [dataset]. https:\/\/data-explorer.oecd.org\/vis?tm=regulatory%20governance&pg=0&snb=33&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_QDD_GOV_REG%40DF_GOV_REG&df[ag]=OECD.GOV.GIP&df[vs]=1.0&dq=A.AUS...P_M%2BP_O%2BP_SA%2BP_TR%2BS_M%2BS_O%2BS_SA%2BS_TR%2B_Z&pd=2014,&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false."},{"name":"Bank Regulation and Supervision Survey (BRSS) ","uri":"https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/int\/search\/dataset\/0038632","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Source: World Bank\nFile location: banking_regulator.csv. Accessed 2024. Used in Chapter 3.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)","citation":"World Bank. (2019). Bank Regulation and Supervision Survey. https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/int\/search\/dataset\/0038632","license_uri":"https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/int\/public-licenses?fragment=cc"},{"name":"Global Indicators of Regulatory Governance","uri":"https:\/\/rulemaking.worldbank.org\/","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Source: World Bank\nFile location: world-bank\/girg\/regulatory_governance.csv. Accessed 2024. Used in Chapter 3.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/about\/legal\/terms-of-use-for-datasets","citation":"World Bank. (2018). Global Indicators of Regulatory Governance. https:\/\/rulemaking.worldbank.org\/"},{"name":"Regulatory Governance Dataset","access_type":"Data access was granted directly to the study authors by the data owners. It was obtained with a custom data license that does not allow for redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Source: African Development Bank (AfDB)  File location: afdb_regulatory_gov.csv. Accessed 2024. Used in Chapter 3.","citation":"African Development Bank (AfDB). 2025. \"Regulatory Governance Dataset\" [dataset]. Accessed 2025."},{"name":"World Bank Official Boundaries","uri":"https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/int\/search\/dataset\/0038272","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Source: World Bank \nFile location: WB_countries_Admin0_10m (shapefile set). Accessed 2024. Used in Chapter 3.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/int\/public-licenses?fragment=cc","citation":"World Bank. (2018). World Bank Official Boundaries. https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/int\/search\/dataset\/0038272"},{"name":"Product Market Regulation (PMR) indicators","uri":"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/content\/dam\/oecd\/en\/topics\/policy-sub-issues\/product-market-regulation\/PMR_Sector_Indicator_2023-24_and_2018_March2026.xlsx","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Source: OECD\nFile location: Updated_PMR Sector Indicator_2023-24 and 2018.xlsx (sheet PMR_Sector_Network_2023-24_clea). Accessed August 2025. Used in Chapter 3. Note: the OECD has refreshed this file since the access date; replication against the current version may yield slightly different values.","license":"OECD terms of use","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/en\/about\/terms-conditions.html","citation":"OECD. (2018). Product Market Regulation (PMR) indicators. https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/content\/dam\/oecd\/en\/topics\/policy-sub-issues\/product-market-regulation\/PMR_Sector_Indicator_2023-24_and_2018_March2026.xlsx"},{"name":"Price Baskets, 2008-2024","uri":"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/en\/ITU-D\/Statistics\/Pages\/ICTprices\/default.aspx","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Source: International Telecommunication Union (ITU)\nFile location: ITU_ICTPriceBaskets_2008-2024.xlsx (sheet economies_2008-2024). Accessed June 12, 2025. Used in Chapter 3.","license":"ITU terms of use","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/en\/about\/Pages\/terms-of-use.aspx","citation":"International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Price Baskets, 2008-2024. https:\/\/www.itu.int\/en\/ITU-D\/Statistics\/Pages\/ICTprices\/default.aspx"},{"name":"Indicators on the Governance of Sector Regulators","uri":"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/content\/dam\/oecd\/en\/publications\/support-materials\/2025\/03\/the-2023-indicators-on-the-governance-of-sector-regulators_eb33f9bb\/2023%20Indicators%20on%20the%20Governance%20of%20Sector%20Regulators%20(February%202025).xlsx","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Source: OECD\nFile location: GSR_Data.xlsx (sheet Database_clean). Accessed September 2025. Used in Chapter 3.","license":"OECD terms of use","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/en\/about\/terms-conditions.html","citation":"OECD. Indicators on the Governance of Sector Regulators. https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/content\/dam\/oecd\/en\/publications\/support-materials\/2025\/03\/the-2023-indicators-on-the-governance-of-sector-regulators_eb33f9bb\/2023%20Indicators%20on%20the%20Governance%20of%20Sector%20Regulators%20(February%202025).xlsx"},{"name":"Ministerial Turnover Data","access_type":"Data access was granted directly to the study authors by the data owners. It was obtained with a custom data license that does not allow for redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Source: Ministry of Justice of Peru \nFile location: Datain\/Ministerial_Turn_Over\/. Accessed 2025. Used in Chapter 3.","citation":"Ministry of Justice of Peru. 2025. \"Ministerial Turnover Data\" [dataset]."}],"reproduction_instructions":"To reproduce the findings in this paper, a replicator must:\n1. **Secure Access to Data:** Obtain access to the datasets that are not included in the reproducibility package. See the **Datasets** subsection for details.\n2. **Download and Place Data:** Once access has been granted, download the datasets and place them in the appropriate folders as specified in the package documentation.\n3. **Run the Package:** After placing the data in the appropriate folders, execute the replication files as follows:\n   - **Chapter 1:** Open `replication.Rproj`, navigate to the `chapter-1\/source\/` folder, and run `chapter_1_prepdata.R` and `chapter_1_figures.R`.\n   - **Chapter 2:** Navigate to the `chapter-2\/source\/` folder and run `chapter_2_prepdata.R` and `chapter_2_figures.R`.\n   - **Chapter 3:** Navigate to the `chapter-3\/source\/` folder and run `chapter_3_prepdata.R` and `chapter_3_figures.R`. Then open `1_Figures.do`, update the directory path in line 5, and run the file in Stata. The file is located in `chapter-3\/stata-excel\/Do\/`.\nAll outputs will be generated in their corresponding chapter folders.\nBecause some of the data are not included in the package, the package contains output files generated by the replicators. These files can be used to review the results presented in the paper.","technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 11 Enterprise\n\u2022 Processor: INTEL(R) XEON(R) PLATINUM 8562Y+ 2.80 GHz (2 processors)\n\u2022 Memory available: 128 GB"},"datacite":{"creators":[{"givenName":"Rita","familyName":"Ramalho","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"World Bank","affiliationIdentifier":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ae7jd04","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR","schemeUri":"https:\/\/ror.org"}]},{"givenName":"Galileu","familyName":"Kim","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"World Bank","affiliationIdentifier":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ae7jd04","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR","schemeUri":"https:\/\/ror.org"}]},{"givenName":"Tanu","familyName":"Kumar","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"World Bank","affiliationIdentifier":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ae7jd04","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR","schemeUri":"https:\/\/ror.org"}]},{"givenName":"Rogelio Granguillhome","familyName":"Ocha","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"World Bank","affiliationIdentifier":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ae7jd04","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR","schemeUri":"https:\/\/ror.org"}]},{"givenName":"Stuart","familyName":"Russell","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"World Bank","affiliationIdentifier":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ae7jd04","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR","schemeUri":"https:\/\/ror.org"}]},{"givenName":"Greg","familyName":"Larson","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"World Bank","affiliationIdentifier":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ae7jd04","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR","schemeUri":"https:\/\/ror.org"}]},{"givenName":"Paul Phumpiu","familyName":"Chang","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"World Bank","affiliationIdentifier":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ae7jd04","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR","schemeUri":"https:\/\/ror.org"}]}],"titles":[{"lang":"en","title":"Reproducibility package for Institutions And Prosperity: Public Institutions For Enabling The Private Sector With A Focus On Public Procurement And Regulatory Institutions."},{"title":"FR_WLD_2026_664","titleType":"Other"}],"publisher":"World Bank","publicationYear":"2026","types":{"resourceType":"Reproducibility package","resourceTypeGeneral":"Other"},"url":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org\/index.php\/catalog\/study\/FR_WLD_2026_664","language":"en"},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open Code"},{"tag":"Restricted Data"}],"schematype":"script"}