{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DECDI","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2026-05-20","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Maria Vagliasindi","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"mvagliasindi@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Nisan Gorgulu","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"ngorgulu@worldbank.org"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for Assessing The Impact Of Renewable Versus Fossil Fuels Energy On Economic Growth: A Meta-Analysis Of The Elasticity Across Development Stages","idno":"RR_WLD_2026_659"},"data_statement":"All data sources are publicly available and included in the reproducibility package. ","software":[{"name":"Stata","version":"19.5 MP"},{"name":"Python","version":"3.13"},{"name":"Excel"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for Assessing The Impact Of Renewable Versus Fossil Fuels Energy On Economic Growth: A Meta-Analysis Of The Elasticity Across Development Stages","date":"2026-05","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","file_name":"RR_WLD_2026_659","zip_package":"RR_WLD_2026_659.zip","dependencies":"Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder. Python dependencies are listed in the \"environment.yml\" file."}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2026-05-20","abstract":"This study makes a significant contribution to the expanding body of literature on the energy-growth nexus, distinguishing itself in two important ways. First, this is the first meta-analysis that systematically compares the economic growth impacts of renewable versus non-renewable energy sources, instead of relying on aggregate energy indicators. Second, it explicitly explores the heterogeneity of these effects in the context of developing countries. These elasticities exhibit notable non-linearity, following a U-shaped pattern across stages of development. In low-income countries, the relatively higher elasticity for both energy types likely reflects the critical need to expand access, regardless of the source. As countries move up the income ladder, the elasticity of renewables tends to decline, potentially reflecting short-term frictions and adjustments associated with the integration of intermittent sources, and comes to a plateau for high income countries. In contrast, fossil fuels may remain essential in higher-income contexts for supporting grid stability and storage as renewable energy becomes more integrated. The findings underscore the need for customized energy policies that correspond with each country's economic development stage. In low-income countries, policies should focus on expanding access to affordable and reliable energy sources. For developed economies, policies should aim to encourage innovations in clean energy technologies, also to support technology transfer to developing countries, assisting them in sustainably meeting their energy requirements for economic growth.","geographic_units":[{"name":"World","code":"WLD"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Energy-Growth Nexus"},{"name":"Renewable Energy"},{"name":"Fossil Fuels"},{"name":"Economic Growth"},{"name":"Meta-Analysis"},{"name":"Energy Access"},{"name":"Fuel Mix"}],"topics":[{"id":"C83","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Survey Methods \u2022 Sampling Methods","parent_id":"C8"},{"id":" O13","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Agriculture \u2022 Natural Resources \u2022 Energy \u2022 Environment \u2022 Other Primary Products","parent_id":"O1"},{"id":" Q40","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"General","parent_id":"Q4"},{"id":" Q42","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Alternative Energy Sources","parent_id":"Q4"},{"id":" Q43","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Energy and the Macroeconomy","parent_id":"Q4"}],"output":[{"type":"Working Paper","description":"Policy Research Working Papers (PRWP)","title":"Assessing The Impact Of Renewable Versus Fossil Fuels Energy On Economic Growth: A Meta-Analysis Of The Elasticity Across Development Stages"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"MIT License","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/mit"},{"name":"World Bank IGO Rider","uri":"https:\/\/github.com\/worldbank\/metadata-editor\/blob\/main\/WB-IGO-RIDER.md"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Maria Vagliasindi","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"mvagliasindi@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"datasets":[{"citation":"Authors' compilation. 2026.  Assessing the Impact of Renewable versus Fossil Fuels Energy on Economic Growth: A Meta-Analysis of the Elasticity across Development Stages [dataset]. ","name":"Assessing the Impact of Renewable versus Fossil Fuels Energy on Economic Growth: A Meta-Analysis of the Elasticity across Development Stages","access_type":"Data is included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Filename: EnergyROR_MetaAnalysis_final.dta. The dataset was constructed manually by the authors following the data collection criteria and methodology described in Section 2 of the paper. It consists of 1,290 observations extracted from 130 studies, of which 888 are elasticity estimates drawn from 110 studies, covering publications from 2008 to 2025. Replicators wishing to access the underlying published studies should consult journal websites, institutional repositories, or open-access archives, as individual papers are subject to copyright restrictions. Additionally, EnergyROR_forWordCloud_final.csv lists paper titles compiled manually for word cloud analysis (Figure 1). "},{"name":"World Development Indicators","note":"Filename: API_NY.GDP.PCAP.CD_DS2_en_excel_v2_282967.xlsx. Indicator used: GDP per capita (current US$). This data is used to construct Figures 6, 7 and 8. For more details, refer to the README file.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/","citation":"World Bank. 2026. \"World Development Indicators\" [dataset]. Indicator accessed: GDP per capita (current US$). https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD. Accessed May, 2026.","uri":"https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD"}],"reproduction_instructions":"To reproduce the findings in this paper, a replicator must:\n1. **Run the Package:** \n- Update the working directory in line 16 of the do-file `MainStata_EnergyMeta`, and run it.\n- Restore the environment using `environment.yml` and run `MainPython_Energy_WordCloud.ipynb.`\n- Figures 6, 7 and 8 are constructed in Microsoft Excel using summary statistics produced by do-file `MainStata_EnergyMeta.` For more details, refer to the README file.","technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 11 Enterprise\n\u2022 Processor: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 5218 CPU @ 2.30GHz (2.30 GHz) (2 processors)\n\u2022 Memory available: 8.15 GB\n\u2022 Software version: Stata 19.5 MP","technology_requirements":"Run time: ~1 minute."},"datacite":{"creators":[{"givenName":"Maria","familyName":"Vagliasindi","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"World Bank","affiliationIdentifier":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ae7jd04","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR","schemeUri":"https:\/\/ror.org"}]},{"givenName":"Nisan","familyName":"Gorgulu","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"World Bank","affiliationIdentifier":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ae7jd04","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR","schemeUri":"https:\/\/ror.org"}]}],"titles":[{"lang":"en","title":"Reproducibility package for Assessing The Impact Of Renewable Versus Fossil Fuels Energy On Economic Growth: A Meta-Analysis Of The Elasticity Across Development Stages"},{"title":"RR_WLD_2026_659","titleType":"Other"}],"publisher":"World Bank","publicationYear":"2026","types":{"resourceType":"Reproducibility package","resourceTypeGeneral":"Other"},"url":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org\/index.php\/catalog\/study\/RR_WLD_2026_659","language":"en"},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open Code"},{"tag":"Open Data"}],"schematype":"script"}