{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DECDI","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2026-05-10","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Aidan Coville","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"acoville@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Caio Piza","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"caiopiza@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Adam Osman","affiliation":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","email":"aosman@illinois.edu"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for Barriers To Market Access: Experimental Tests Of Supply- And Demand-Side Strategies","idno":"RR_GEO_2026_617"},"data_statement":"All data sources are included in the reproducibility package and forthcoming in the World Bank Microdata Library.","software":[{"name":"Stata","version":"19.5 MP"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for Barriers To Market Access: Experimental Tests Of Supply- And Demand-Side Strategies","date":"2026-05","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","file_name":"RR_GEO_2026_617","zip_package":"RR_GEO_2026_617.zip","dependencies":"Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder."}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2026-05-10","abstract":"Expanding market access via digital technologies is seen as a key pathway for growth, yet adoption remains low among small enterprises. We investigate barriers to entry through two randomized experiments in the country of Georgia. We find that a \u201dsupply-side\u201d training intervention failed to increase digital participation, despite high initial interest. On the other hand, a \u201ddemand-side\u201d conditional purchase order increased market access by 26 percentage points, while a payment six times larger generated only a modest additional increase. We find no complementarity between training and demand incentives. Together our results highlight demand-side incentives as a cost-effective policy to kickstart adoption. While these effects largely dissipate over time as control firms catch up, firms with higher baseline readiness for e-commerce remain more likely to engage in digital markets several years later, with suggestive evidence that the demand shock accelerated adoption among this group. We show that the remaining barriers to growth are likely behavioral and organizational frictions rather than simple skill or capital deficits.","geographic_units":[{"name":"Georgia","code":"GEO"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Market Access"},{"name":"E-Commerce"},{"name":"Training"}],"topics":[{"id":"D22","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Firm Behavior: Empirical Analysis","parent_id":"D2"},{"id":" O12","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development","parent_id":"O1"},{"id":" O33","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Technological Change: Choices and Consequences \u2022 Diffusion Processes","parent_id":"O3"}],"output":[{"type":"Working Paper","description":"Policy Research Working Papers (PRWP)","title":"Barriers To Market Access: Experimental Tests Of Supply- And Demand-Side Strategies"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"technology_requirements":"Run time: ~20 minutes","disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"MIT License","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/mit"},{"name":"World Bank IGO Rider","uri":"https:\/\/github.com\/worldbank\/metadata-editor\/blob\/main\/WB-IGO-RIDER.md"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Aidan Coville","affiliation":"World bank","email":"acoville@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"datasets":[{"name":"Barriers to Market Access: Experimental Tests of Supply- and Demand-Side Strategies","note":"The data used in this study were collected by the authors under a research agreement with the Georgia Innovation and Technology Agency (GITA). It includes three surveys, all conducted between 2018 and 2025. ","access_type":"Data is included in the reproducibility package and forthcoming in the World Bank Microdata Library.","citation":"World Bank, Georgia Innovation and Technology Agency (GITA). 2018. Barriers to Market Access: Experimental Tests of Supply- and Demand-Side Strategies [dataset]. Forthcoming on https:\/\/microdatalib.worldbank.org\/index.php\/data-deposit","uri":"Forthcoming on https:\/\/microdatalib.worldbank.org\/index.php\/data-deposit"}],"reproduction_instructions":"To reproduce the findings in this paper, a replicator must:\n1. **Run the Package:** Update the global user number (line 43) and the working directory (lines 47-53) of the do-file `_master`, and run it.\n","technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 11 Enterprise\n\u2022 Processor: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 5218 CPU @ 2.30GHz, 2300 Mhz, 4 Core(s), 4 Logical Processor(s)\n\u2022 Memory available: 8.15 GB\n\u2022 Software version: Stata 19.5 MP"},"datacite":{"creators":[{"givenName":"Aidan","familyName":"Coville","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"World Bank","affiliationIdentifier":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ae7jd04","schemeUri":"https:\/\/ror.org\/","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}]},{"givenName":"Caio","familyName":"Piza","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"World Bank","affiliationIdentifier":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ae7jd04","schemeUri":"https:\/\/ror.org\/","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}]},{"givenName":"Adam","familyName":"Osman","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","schemeUri":"https:\/\/ror.org\/","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR","affiliationIdentifier":"https:\/\/ror.org\/047426m28"}]}],"titles":[{"lang":"en","title":"Reproducibility package for Barriers To Market Access: Experimental Tests Of Supply- And Demand-Side Strategies"},{"title":"RR_GEO_2026_617","titleType":"Other"}],"publisher":"World Bank","publicationYear":"2026","types":{"resourceType":"Reproducibility package","resourceTypeGeneral":"Other"},"url":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org\/index.php\/catalog\/study\/RR_GEO_2026_617","language":"en"},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open Code"},{"tag":"Open Data"}],"schematype":"script"}