{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DECDI","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2026-06-29","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Sandra V. Rozo","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"sandrarozo@worldbank.org"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for From Shadows To Society: Medium-Run Effects Of Regularization On Forced Migrants In Colombia","idno":"RR_COL_2026_670"},"data_statement":"Some data is not yet publicly available but is expected to be made available through the World Bank Microdata Library in the future.","software":[{"name":"Stata","version":"19.5 MP"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for From Shadows To Society: Medium-Run Effects Of Regularization On Forced Migrants In Colombia","date":"2026-06","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","file_name":"RR_COL_2026_670","zip_package":"RR_COL_2026_670.zip","dependencies":"Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder."}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2026-06-29","abstract":"We estimate the medium-run effects of a large program that granted Venezuelan forced migrants in Colombia regular legal status, the right to work, and access to social protection, measuring outcomes 4.5 years after the program was launched. The program was announced unexpectedly and applied retroactively to migrants registered before a sharp date cutoff, which lets us implement a fuzzy regression-discontinuity design on a two-wave panel survey we collected. The medium-run gains are most pronounced on the social margins. At the cutoff, eligible migrants report social integration\n0.98 standard deviations higher and a prosocial-behaviors index 1.13 standard deviations higher than ineligible peers. Both are statistically indistinguishable from zero in the short run and emerge only in the medium run, driven by the accumulation of years under stable legal status. The economic gains, by contrast, are visible immediately and largely persist. Eligible migrants earn 67 percent more in monthly labor income and sit 2.6 standard deviations higher on a service access index by the medium run,\nand their housing quality rises from 0.61 to 1.24 standard deviations between waves. Fiscal savings from regularization rise from 42 to 68 percent of the irregular-household cost between waves. The findings show that the social integration of forced migrants, their prosocial trust toward the host society, and the fiscal returns of regularization to host countries strengthen only with years of stable legal status, not with the act of legalization itself.","geographic_units":[{"name":"Colombia","code":"COL"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Forced Migration"},{"name":"Regularization"},{"name":"Refugees"},{"name":"Venezuela"},{"name":"Colombia"}],"topics":[{"id":"F22","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"International Migration","parent_id":"F2"},{"id":" J15","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants \u2022 Non-labor Discrimination","parent_id":"J1"},{"id":" J61","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Geographic Labor Mobility \u2022 Immigrant Workers","parent_id":"J6"},{"id":" O15","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Human Resources \u2022 Human Development \u2022 Income Distribution \u2022 Migration","parent_id":"O1"},{"id":" R23","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Regional Migration \u2022 Regional Labor Markets \u2022 Population \u2022 Neighborhood Characteristics","parent_id":"R2"},{"id":" I31","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"General Welfare, Well-Being  ","parent_id":"I3"}],"output":[{"type":"Working Paper","description":"Policy Research Working Papers (PRWP)","title":"From Shadows To Society: Medium-Run Effects Of Regularization On Forced Migrants In Colombia"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"technology_requirements":"Run time ~ 3.5 hours","disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"MIT License","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/mit"},{"name":"World Bank IGO Rider","uri":"https:\/\/github.com\/worldbank\/metadata-editor\/blob\/main\/WB-IGO-RIDER.md"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Sandra V. Rozo","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"sandrarozo@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"datasets":[{"name":"Venezuelan Refugees Panel Survey (VenRePS)","note":"Wave 1 fielded October 2020 - January 2021; Wave 2 fielded October-December 2021. A two-wave longitudinal household survey of Venezuelan forced migrants in Colombia. The sampling frame was the Colombian government's Registro Administrativo de Migrantes Venezolanos (RAMV) of 442,462 undocumented Venezuelans in 253,575 households (April 6 - June 8, 2018). The achieved sample is approximately 5,000 respondents per wave with roughly 60% panel coverage. Produced by the authors in collaboration with the Inter-American Development Bank's Migration Unit; fieldwork was conducted by a Colombian survey firm under contract. The anonymized analysis sample and cleaned panel are included in this replication package and may be used by the World Bank Reproducibility Verification team to verify the paper's results. Broader release for purposes other than reproducibility verification is subject to ongoing IRB review and IDB authorization. Researchers requesting access for related work should contact the corresponding author. Direct identifiers (names, contact information, exact address) have been removed. Coarse geographic indicators (department, broad region) are retained because they are required for fixed-effects specifications. The running variable for the regression-discontinuity design (days from June 8, 2018) is retained at its original daily resolution because the identification strategy depends on it.\nFile location: data\/PEP_Analysis_Sample.dta, PEP_Panel_Clean.dta, VenReps_Panel_w1&w2.dta","access_type":"Data is forthcoming in the World Bank Microdata Library and not included in the reproducibility package.","citation":"Rozo, Sandra V. et al. (2026). \"Venezuelan Refugees Panel Survey: Wave 1 (2020) and Wave 2 (2021)\" [dataset]. Replication archive for \"From Shadows to Society.\"","uri":"https:\/\/microdata.worldbank.org\/index.php\/home"},{"name":"The Right to Belong: Migrant Regularization in Latin America and the Caribbean","note":"Country-by-year database of regularization-program phases in Latin America and the Caribbean between 2010 and 2025, with generosity scores constructed by the IDB authors. Used to produce Figure 1 in the main paper. Produced by the Inter-American Development Bank, Migration Unit (van der Werf, C., J. Harris, and A. Velasquez, eds.). Publicly available from IDB Publications under the IDB Monograph series, IDB-MG-1315. The Excel data extract is included in this replication package for convenience. File location: data\/right-to-belong-data.xlsx.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Open License","uri":"https:\/\/datamig.iadb.org\/en\/regularization","citation":"Inter-American Development Bank (2025). \"The Right to Belong: Migrant Regularization in Latin America and the Caribbean\" [dataset]. IDB Monograph IDB-MG-1315.","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.iadb.org\/en\/terms-conditions-and-notices\/terms-and-conditions"}],"reproduction_instructions":"To reproduce the findings in this paper, a replicator must:\n1. Open the `master` do and run the code\n\nSince the data is temporarily embargoed, the package includes the outputs produced by the authors, which can be used to review the results presented in the paper.","technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 11 Enterprise\n\u2022 Processor: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 5218 CPU @ 2.30GHz (2.30 GHz) (2 processors)\n\u2022 Memory available: 16 GB"},"datacite":{"creators":[{"givenName":"Sandra V.","familyName":"Rozo","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"World Bank","affiliationIdentifier":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ae7jd04","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR","schemeUri":"https:\/\/ror.org"}]}],"titles":[{"lang":"en","title":"Reproducibility package for From Shadows To Society: Medium-Run Effects Of Regularization On Forced Migrants In Colombia"},{"title":"RR_COL_2026_670","titleType":"Other"}],"publisher":"World Bank","publicationYear":"2026","types":{"resourceType":"Reproducibility package","resourceTypeGeneral":"Other"},"url":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org\/index.php\/catalog\/study\/RR_COL_2026_670","language":"en"},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Forthcoming Data"},{"tag":"Open Code"},{"tag":"Restricted Data"}],"schematype":"script"}