{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DECDI","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2026-06-30","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Kaushiki Singh","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"ksingh12@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Richard Anthony Sutherland","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"rsutherland@pefa.org"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for How Public Financial Management Shapes Education And Health Outcomes: A Configurational Perspective","idno":"RR_WLD_2026_686"},"data_statement":"All data sources are publicly available and included in the reproducibility package. ","software":[{"name":"Python","version":"3.11.15"},{"name":"fsQCA ","version":"4.1"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for How Public Financial Management Shapes Education And Health Outcomes: A Configurational Perspective","date":"2026-06","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","file_name":"RR_WLD_2026_686","zip_package":"RR_WLD_2026_686.zip"}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2026-06-30","abstract":"This study examines how configurations of public financial management performance, sectoral spending, and governance context shape education and health outcomes across developing and middle-income economies. Using fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis and Bayesian robustness checks, the analysis identifies multiple sufficient pathways linking budget execution credibility to primary education, secondary education, universal health coverage, and under five mortality outcomes. Findings confirm that PFM conditions operate through conjunctural combinations rather than linear channels, that their explanatory reach is stronger for intermediate than longer term outcomes, and that strong aggregate and revenue execution can compensate for low sectoral spending. Budget credibility at the execution stage emerges as the central operative mechanism.","geographic_units":[{"name":"World","code":"WLD"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Public Financial Management"},{"name":"Pefa"},{"name":"Budget Credibility"},{"name":"Education Outcomes"},{"name":"Health Outcomes"},{"name":"Configurational Analysis"},{"name":"Fsqca"},{"name":"Bayesian Analysis"}],"topics":[{"id":"H50","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"General","parent_id":"H5"},{"id":"H61","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Budget \u2022 Budget Systems","parent_id":"H6"},{"id":"I18","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Government Policy \u2022 Regulation \u2022 Public Health","parent_id":"I1"},{"id":"I20","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"General","parent_id":"I2"},{"id":"O23","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development","parent_id":"O2"},{"id":" C18","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Methodological Issues: General","parent_id":"C1"}],"output":[{"type":"Working Paper","description":"Policy Research Working Papers (PRWP)","title":"How Public Financial Management Shapes Education And Health Outcomes: A Configurational Perspective"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"technology_requirements":"Run time: ~ 5 minutes","disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"MIT License","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/mit"},{"name":"World Bank IGO Rider","uri":"https:\/\/github.com\/worldbank\/metadata-editor\/blob\/main\/WB-IGO-RIDER.md"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Kaushiki Singh","affiliation":"Wordl Bank","email":"ksingh12@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"datasets":[{"name":"World Development Indicators","note":"Data accessed in September 2025. Variables used: (1) For Figures 1 and 2: Military expenditure (% of GDP), Current health expenditure (% of GDP), Government expenditure on education, total (% of GDP); (2) For statistical analysis: GDP per capita (GDPpc), education expenditure as % of GDP (Edexp), health expenditure as % of GDP (Hexp), primary education attainment rate (PeD), and upper secondary education attainment rate (SeD). File location: Paper_Charts\/Data for charts\/ (Figures 1 and 2 sheets); Final Datasets for Estimation\/.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/about\/legal\/terms-of-use-for-datasets","uri":"https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/source\/world-development-indicators","citation":"World Bank. 2025. \"World Development Indicators\" [dataset]. https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/source\/world-development-indicators. Accessed September 2025."},{"name":"Foreign Aid Received (Net ODA) \u2013 Our World in Data","note":"Data accessed in September 2025. Used for Figure 3 (2011\u20132022). Underlying source: OECD Official Development Assistance (ODA) \u2014 DAC2A: Aid (ODA) disbursements to countries and regions, OECD Data Explorer, with major processing by Our World in Data. File location: Paper_Charts\/Data for charts\/ (Figure 3 sheet).","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/","uri":"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/foreign-aid-received-net","citation":"Our World in Data. 2025. \"Foreign Aid Received (Net ODA)\" [dataset]. Based on OECD DAC2A: Aid (ODA) disbursements to countries and regions, with major processing by Our World in Data. https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/foreign-aid-received-net. Accessed September 2025."},{"name":"PEFA Assessments (2016\u20132025)","note":"Data accessed in September 2025. Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability framework scores for PI-01 (aggregate expenditure outturn), PI-02 (expenditure composition outturn), and PI-03 (revenue outturn). File location: Final Datasets for Estimation\/.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/about\/legal\/terms-of-use-for-datasets","uri":"https:\/\/www.pefa.org\/index.php\/assessments\/batch-downloads","citation":"PEFA Secretariat. 2025. \"PEFA Assessments\" [dataset]. https:\/\/www.pefa.org\/index.php\/assessments\/batch-downloads. Accessed September 2025."},{"name":"Under-Five Mortality Rate \u2013 UNICEF","note":"Data accessed in September 2025. Under-Five Mortality Rate (U5MR) per 1,000 live births. File location: Final Datasets for Estimation\/.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 IGO (CC BY-NC 3.0 IGO)","license_uri":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/igo\/","uri":"https:\/\/data.unicef.org\/topic\/child-survival\/under-five-mortality\/","citation":"UNICEF. 2025. \"Under-Five Mortality Rate\" [dataset]. https:\/\/data.unicef.org\/topic\/child-survival\/under-five-mortality\/. Accessed September 2025."},{"name":"Universal Health Coverage Index","note":"Data accessed in September 2025. Universal Health Coverage Index (UHC). File location: Final Datasets for Estimation\/.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/about\/legal\/terms-of-use-for-datasets","uri":"https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/search\/dataset\/0060802","citation":"World Bank. 2025. \"Universal Health Coverage Index\" [dataset]. World Bank Development Data Hub. https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/search\/dataset\/0060802. Accessed September 2025."},{"name":"Worldwide Governance Indicators","note":"Data accessed in September 2025. Government Effectiveness dimension (WGIge). File location: Final Datasets for Estimation\/.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/about\/legal\/terms-of-use-for-datasets","uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/publication\/worldwide-governance-indicators","citation":"World Bank. 2025. \"Worldwide Governance Indicators\" [dataset]. https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/publication\/worldwide-governance-indicators. Accessed September 2025."}],"technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 11 Enterprise\n\u2022 Processor: INTEL(R) XEON(R) PLATINUM 8562Y+ 2.80 GHz (2 processors)\n\u2022 Memory available: 32.0 GB","reproduction_instructions":"**To reproduce the findings from the datasets processed in fsQCA included in the package:**\n1. Restore the environment using `environment.txt`.\n2. Run `fsqca_bayesian_check_replicationcodes.ipynb` and `PFM_Paper_Figures1_2_3.ipynb`.\n\n**To reproduce the findings from the raw data:**\n1. Follow the fsQCA steps in the README to prepare the intermediate datasets.\n2. Follow steps 1 and 2 above."},"datacite":{"creators":[{"givenName":"Kaushiki","familyName":"Singh","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"World Bank","affiliationIdentifier":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ae7jd04","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR","schemeUri":"https:\/\/ror.org"}]},{"givenName":"Richard Anthony","familyName":"Sutherland","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"World Bank","affiliationIdentifier":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ae7jd04","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR","schemeUri":"https:\/\/ror.org"}]}],"titles":[{"lang":"en","title":"Reproducibility package for How Public Financial Management Shapes Education And Health Outcomes: A Configurational Perspective"},{"title":"RR_WLD_2026_686","titleType":"Other"}],"publisher":"World Bank","publicationYear":"2026","types":{"resourceType":"Reproducibility package","resourceTypeGeneral":"Other"},"url":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org\/index.php\/catalog\/study\/RR_WLD_2026_686","language":"en"},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open Code"},{"tag":"Open Data"}],"schematype":"script"}