{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DECDI","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2026-07-15","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Sayed Madadi","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"smadadi@worldbank.org"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for Improving Justice Delivery In Ethiopia: A 2025 Jupiter Assessment","idno":"FR_ETH_2026_663"},"data_statement":"Some data is restricted and has not been included in the reproducibility package. For more details, please refer to the README file. ","software":[{"name":"Excel","version":"Microsoft Excel for Microsoft 365 MSO"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for Improving Justice Delivery In Ethiopia: A 2025 Jupiter Assessment","date":"2026-07","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","file_name":"RR_ETH_2026_663","zip_package":"RR_ETH_2026_663.zip"}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2026-07-15","abstract":"This paper presents a comprehensive assessment of Ethiopia's federal civil justice sector, drawing on administrative data from the Ethiopian Judiciary, a comprehensive review of Ethiopian laws, a national court user survey, and cross-country comparative data, and interviews and focus group discussions with nearly 200 stakeholders. Using the JUPITER Assessment framework, the analysis examines the performance of the Federal Courts across three key dimensions: Access, Efficiency, and Quality. The findings paint a complex picture of performance in the Ethiopian judiciary where the sustainability of good performance is challenged by limited consistent access across the country, staffing shortfalls, low quality of judgements, and limited availability of legal aid. Yet, digitalization is expanding and solutions are home-developed and affordable, the complementarity of customary justice and statutory courts is expanding effectively, and there is a strong political commitment for reforms. The paper situates Ethiopia's judicial performance within a regional comparative context, benchmarking key indicators against select African countries and global standards, and concludes with a discussion of potential policy interventions building on the ongoing reform efforts and taking into account Ethiopia's specific institutional and fiscal realities","geographic_units":[{"name":"Ethiopia","code":"ETH"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Justice"},{"name":"Access"},{"name":"Judiciary"},{"name":"Ethiopia"}],"output":[{"type":"Working Paper","description":"Policy Research Working Papers (PRWP)","title":"Improving Justice Delivery In Ethiopia: A 2025 Jupiter Assessment"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"MIT License","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/mit"},{"name":"World Bank IGO Rider","uri":"https:\/\/github.com\/worldbank\/metadata-editor\/blob\/main\/WB-IGO-RIDER.md"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Sayed Madadi","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"smadadi@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"datasets":[{"name":"Ethiopian Judiciary Administrative Records (Caseload, Staffing, Budget, and Judicial Pay Data)","note":"This source underlies the following input files in the replication package: Confidential\/Performance Analysis.xlsx (sheets: CASELOAD ANALYSIS), Confidential\/Staffing Analysis.xlsx (sheets: Per Region and Court Level, Per Gender), Confidential\/Judicial Pay Analysis.xlsx (sheet: Sheet 1). Figures reproduced from this source: 2.1\u20132.6, 2.8\u20132.13, 2.20. Access requires contacting the Ethiopian Judiciary directly for the specific court. Data from the Ethiopian Federal High Court, Federal Supreme Court, and Federal First Instance Court were provided by each court. Researchers seeking to reproduce these figures should contact the Ethiopian Judiciary directly at public.relations@fsc.gov.et or contact the Oromia Supreme Court for Oromia figures at sco@sco.gov.et","citation":"Ethiopian Judiciary. 2025. \"Ethiopian Judiciary Administrative Records (Caseload, Staffing, Budget, and Judicial Pay Data)\" [dataset]. N\/A. Accessed May 2026.","access_type":"Data access was granted directly to the study authors by the data owners\/managers. It was obtained with a custom data license that does not allow for redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"Ethiopia Civil Justice Sector Survey \u2014 JUPITER Assessment","note":"Source: World Bank Underlying input file: Confidential\/Ethiopia Civil Justice Sector Survey_JUPITER Assessment.xlsx (sheet: Survey Results). Figures reproduced from this source: 2.7, 2.15, 2.16, 2.18, 2.19, 2.24. Data is forthcoming in the World Bank Microdata Library. Users can contact Sayed Madadi at smadadi@worldbank.org.) for earlier access.","citation":"World Bank 2025. \"Ethiopia Civil Justice Sector Survey \u2014 JUPITER Assessment\" [dataset]. Forthcoming at: https:\/\/microdata.worldbank.org. Accessed May 2026.","access_type":"Data is forthcoming in the World Bank Microdata library.","uri":"Forthcoming https:\/\/microdata.worldbank.org\/"},{"name":"Rule of Law Index - Civil Justice Factor Scores","note":"Source: World Justice Project (WJP)\nIndicator accessed: corruption in civil justice. To access the data, the \"Download\" button on the top right of the page was clicked, the \"Dataset\" option was selected, and the relevant figures were copied directly from the resulting Excel file (2025_wjp_rule_of_law_index_HISTORICAL_DATA_FILE). Underlying input file: Public\/Comparative Civil Justice.xlsx (sheet: Fig 2.25). Figure reproduced: 2.25.","uri":"https:\/\/worldjusticeproject.org\/rule-of-law-index\/factors\/2025\/Civil%20Justice","citation":"World Justice Project (WJP). 2025. \"Rule of Law Index - Civil Justice Factor Scores\" [dataset]. https:\/\/worldjusticeproject.org\/rule-of-law-index\/factors\/2025\/Civil%20Justice. Accessed May 2026.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"V-Dem Variable Graph - Judicial Independence Indicators","note":"Source: V-Dem (Varieties of Democracy) Institute. Variables accessed: independence of high courts and lower courts. Underlying input file: Public\/Comparative Civil Justice.xlsx (sheet: Fig 2.26). Figure reproduced: 2.26.","uri":"https:\/\/v-dem.net\/data_analysis\/VariableGraph\/","citation":"V-Dem (Varieties of Democracy) Institute. 2005-2025. \"V-Dem Variable Graph - Judicial Independence Indicators\" [dataset]. https:\/\/v-dem.net\/data_analysis\/VariableGraph\/. Accessed May 2026.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"Doing Business Project 2020","note":"Source: World Bank. Underlying input file: Public\/Performance Analysis.xlsx (sheet: COURT AND ATTORNEY FEES). Figure reproduced: 2.17: The table in the file was then used to create a map that reflects the table.","uri":"https:\/\/archive.doingbusiness.org\/en\/reports\/global-reports\/doing-business-2020","citation":"World Bank, Doing Business Project. 2020. \"Doing Business Project 2020\" [dataset]. https:\/\/archive.doingbusiness.org\/en\/reports\/global-reports\/doing-business-2020. Accessed May 2026.","access_type":"Data is publicly available but not included in the reproducibility package due to file size constraints."},{"name":"Federal Government Budget Documents","note":"Source: Ethiopian Ministry of Finance. Underlying input file: Public\/Budget Analysis.xlsx (sheet: Federal Courts Budget). Figures reproduced: 2.21 (federal judiciary budget 2018\u20132024) and 2.22 (recurrent expenses as a percentage of total expenditure).","uri":"https:\/\/www.mofed.gov.et\/resources\/budget\/","citation":"Ethiopian Ministry of Finance. 2018-2024. \"Federal Government Budget Documents\" [dataset]. https:\/\/www.mofed.gov.et\/resources\/budget\/. Accessed May 2026.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"Data on Judicial Budgets","note":"Source: World Bank. Underlying input file: Public\/Budget Analysis.xlsx (sheet: Country Comparison). Figure reproduced: 2.23.\nAuthors' compilation of data from the report.","uri":"https:\/\/documentsinternal.worldbank.org\/search\/34432877","citation":"World Bank. 2024. \"Data on Judicial Budgets\" [dataset]. https:\/\/documentsinternal.worldbank.org\/search\/34432877. Accessed May 2026.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package."}],"reproduction_instructions":"To successfully reproduce the analysis provided in this package, users should follow the instructions in the README file and replicate the analysis using the Excel spreadsheets. Since no code is provided, all results were verified manually following the instructions in the README. Some of the data are restricted, so users will not be able to verify results in the \"Confidential\" folder.","technology_requirements":"No other technology requirements","technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced in a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 10 Enterprise\n\u2022 Processor: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6226R CPU @ 2.90GHz 2.90 GHz (2 processors)\n\u2022 Memory available: 32 GB\n\u2022 Software version:  Microsoft Excel for Microsoft 365 MSO"},"datacite":{"creators":[{"givenName":"Sayed","familyName":"Madadi","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"World Bank","affiliationIdentifier":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ae7jd04","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR","schemeUri":"https:\/\/ror.org"}]}],"titles":[{"lang":"en","title":"Reproducibility package for Improving Justice Delivery In Ethiopia: A 2025 Jupiter Assessment"},{"title":"RR_ETH_2026_663","titleType":"Other"}],"publisher":"World Bank","publicationYear":"2026","types":{"resourceType":"Reproducibility package","resourceTypeGeneral":"Other"},"url":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org\/index.php\/catalog\/study\/RR_ETH_2026_663","language":"en"},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open Code"},{"tag":"Restricted Data"}],"schematype":"script"}