{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DECDI","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2026-07-14","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Nazmus Sadat Khan","affiliation":"Senior Economist","email":"nkhan12@worldbank.org"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for Structural Shift In Job Creation: Evidence From Bangladesh","idno":"RR_BGD_2026_580"},"software":[{"name":"Excel","version":"Microsoft Excel for Microsoft 365 MSO"},{"name":"EViews","version":"14"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for Structural Shift In Job Creation: Evidence From Bangladesh","date":"2026-07","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","file_name":"RR_BGD_2026_580","zip_package":"RR_BGD_2026_580.zip"}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2026-07-14","abstract":"This paper examines the relationship between economic growth and employment in Bangladesh, with a comparative perspective involving six other Asian countries. It first tests the validity of Okun\u2019s law for Bangladesh and the selected countries using three distinct Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model specifications: a dynamic difference model, a gap model based on the Hodrick-Prescott (HP) filter, and a gap model based on the Baxter-King (BK) filter. The analysis then estimates the employment elasticity of economic growth (EEEG) for Bangladesh across three periods\u20142003-2010, 2010-2017, and 2017-2024\u2014while also exploring sectoral variations in employment elasticity within these sub-periods. The results reveal that the evidence supporting Okun\u2019s law in Bangladesh weaker than the other countries. Furthermore, the sectoral analysis shows substantial shifts in EEEG over time: the agriculture sector experienced an increase in EEEG from 0.29 in 2003-2010 to 0.98 in 2016-2024, while the industry sector\u2019s EEEG declined from 0.84 to -0.04 over the same period. The service sector also saw a reduction. A more granular examination of sub-categories within the industry and service sectors highlights that accommodation and food services, and transportation and storage have demonstrated the strongest employment elasticity, whereas the employment elasticity for the manufacturing sector turned negative, performing the worst among the sectors analyzed. These findings carry significant policy implications, underscoring the importance of prioritizing employment-enhancing growth strategies, identifying and promoting sectors with high job creation potential, and focusing on improving job quality rather than pursuing growth-driven employment policies.","geographic_units":[{"name":"Bangladesh","code":"BGD"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Okun\u2019s Law"},{"name":"Autoregressive Distributed Lag (Ardl)"},{"name":"Employment Elasticity Of Economic Growth"},{"name":"Bangladesh"}],"output":[{"type":"Working Paper","description":"Policy Research Working Papers (PRWP)","title":"Structural Shift In Job Creation: Evidence From Bangladesh"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"MIT License","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/mit"},{"name":"World Bank IGO Rider","uri":"https:\/\/github.com\/worldbank\/metadata-editor\/blob\/main\/WB-IGO-RIDER.md"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Nazmus Sadat Khan","affiliation":"Senior Economist","email":"nkhan12@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"datasets":[{"citation":"World Bank. 2024. \"World Development Indicators [dataset],\" https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/source\/world-development-indicators","name":"World Development Indicators","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY 4.0)","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/about\/legal\/terms-of-use-for-datasets","uri":"https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/source\/world-development-indicators","note":"Source: World Bank\nSee details on indicators used in the README."},{"name":"Bangladesh Gross Domestic Product data","note":"Source: Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package","uri":"https:\/\/bbs.gov.bd\/pages\/static-pages\/6922df6e933eb65569e21f3f","citation":"Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS). 2025. \"Bangladesh Gross Domestic Product data [dataset],\" https:\/\/bbs.gov.bd\/pages\/static-pages\/6922df6e933eb65569e21f3f"},{"name":"MFMod-Growth and Jobs (MFMod-GJ)","uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/publication\/macro-poverty-outlook#sec4","note":"Source: World Bank\nUsers may contact Unnada Chewpreecha (uchewpreecha@worldbank.org) from the Global Macro Modelling team for access details. More information here: https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/publication\/macro-poverty-outlook#sec4","access_type":"Data access was granted directly to the study authors by the data owners\/managers. It was obtained with a custom data license that does not allow for redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package.","citation":"World Bank. 2024. \"MFMod-Growth and Jobs (MFMod-GJ) [dataset]\" "},{"name":"Bangladesh Labour Force Survey data","note":"Source: Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package","uri":"https:\/\/bbs.gov.bd\/pages\/static-pages\/6922ddd1933eb65569e166e7","citation":"Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS). 2025. \"Bangladesh Labour Force Survey data [dataset],\" https:\/\/bbs.gov.bd\/pages\/static-pages\/6922ddd1933eb65569e166e7"}],"data_statement":"Some data is restricted and has not been included in the reproducibility package. For more details, please refer to the README file.","reproduction_instructions":"To successfully reproduce the analysis provided in this package, users should follow the instructions in the README file and replicate the analysis using the EViews workfile and Excel spreadsheets. Since no code is provided, all results were verified manually following the instructions in the README. Some of the data are restricted, so users will not be able to verify certain values reported in Table 1 using the EViews workfile.\n","technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced in a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 10 Enterprise\n\u2022 Processor: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6226R CPU @ 2.90GHz 2.90 GHz (2 processors)\n\u2022 Memory available: 32 GB\n\u2022 Software version: EViews 14, Microsoft Excel for Microsoft 365 MSO","technology_requirements":"No other technology requirements"},"datacite":{"creators":[{"givenName":"Nazmus Sadat","familyName":"Khan","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Economist","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR","schemeUri":"https:\/\/ror.org"}]}],"titles":[{"lang":"en","title":"Reproducibility package for Structural Shift In Job Creation: Evidence From Bangladesh"},{"title":"RR_BGD_2026_580","titleType":"Other"}],"publisher":"World Bank","publicationYear":"2026","types":{"resourceType":"Reproducibility package","resourceTypeGeneral":"Other"},"url":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org\/index.php\/catalog\/study\/RR_BGD_2026_580","language":"en"},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open Code"}],"schematype":"script"}