{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DECDI","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2026-08-06","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Britta Rude","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"brude@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Yurii Kleban","affiliation":"National University of Ostroh Academy","email":"yuriy.kleban@oa.edu.ua"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for Labor Demand For Digital Skills In Post-2022 Ukraine: Evidence From Online Job Vacancy Data","idno":"RR_UKR_2026_702"},"data_statement":"Some data is restricted and has not been included in the reproducibility package. For more details, please refer to the README file.","software":[{"name":"R","version":"4..6.1"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for Labor Demand For Digital Skills In Post-2022 Ukraine: Evidence From Online Job Vacancy Data","date":"2026-08","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","file_name":"RR_UKR_2026_702","zip_package":"RR_UKR_2026_702.zip","dependencies":"R dependencies are listed in the file renv.lock."}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2026-08-06","abstract":"This paper examines how invasion-related disruptions shape the demand for digital skills. Using a novel dataset of millions of online job vacancies in Ukraine from 2021 to 2025 - classified with large language models and mapped to the ESCO taxonomy -we link vacancy-level skill data to high-frequency ACLED attack intensity measures and estimate time-series models. We document a robust positive association between related fatalities and events and the share of postings requiring digital skills. Our results are robust across different time-series specifications and alternative attack intensity measures. This shift is driven by both within- and between-occupational shifts and by remote work adoption as a mediating channel. The rising digital skill share partly reflects the relative resilience of digital hiring against contracting total vacancy volumes rather than absolute digital expansion. These findings suggest that digitalization reshapes labor demand in ways that carry lasting implications for workforce planning and reconstruction policy.","geographic_units":[{"name":"Ukraine","code":"UKR"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Labor Demand"},{"name":"Technological Change"},{"name":"Large Datasets"},{"name":"National Security"},{"name":"War"},{"name":"Conflict"}],"topics":[{"id":"J23","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Labor Demand","parent_id":"J2"},{"id":" O33","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Technological Change: Choices and Consequences \u2022 Diffusion Processes","parent_id":"O3"},{"id":" C55","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Large Data Sets: Modeling and Analysis","parent_id":"C5"},{"id":" H56","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"National Security and War","parent_id":"H5"}],"output":[{"type":"Working Paper","description":"Policy Research Working Papers (PRWP)","title":"Labor Demand For Digital Skills In Post-2022 Ukraine: Evidence From Online Job Vacancy Data"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"technology_requirements":"Run time: ~ 5 minutes","disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"MIT License","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/mit"},{"name":"World Bank IGO Rider","uri":"https:\/\/github.com\/worldbank\/metadata-editor\/blob\/main\/WB-IGO-RIDER.md"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Britta Rude","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"brude@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"datasets":[{"name":"Jooble Ukraine Online Job Vacancy Data","note":"Data transferred to the research team under an institutional data-sharing arrangement with Jooble in April 2025. Three analysis-ready aggregated files derived from the raw vacancy microdata covering December 2020 \u2013 June 2025: (1) final_weekly.parquet \u2014 weekly aggregation (235 weeks, 2020-12-28 to 2025-06-23), including vacancy count, digital skill share, military skill share, remote work share, and ACLED conflict indicators; (2) final_monthly.parquet \u2014 monthly aggregation (54 months, 2021-01 to 2025-06), same variables plus calendar helpers; (3) final_dataset_occ_digital_month.parquet \u2014 month \u00d7 occupation-group panel (488 rows, 2021-01 to 2025-06) with 1-digit ISCO-08 occupation codes and digital skill share. Redistribution is not permitted. Researchers seeking access should contact the corresponding author.","access_type":"Data access was granted directly to the study authors by the data owners. It was obtained with a custom data license that does not allow for redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Jooble Terms of Use","license_uri":"https:\/\/ua.jooble.org\/info\/terms","uri":"https:\/\/ua.jooble.org\/","citation":"Jooble. 2025. \"Ukrainian Online Job Vacancy Microdata\" [dataset]. Data transferred to the research team under a data-sharing agreement. Accessed April 2025."},{"name":"Armed Conflict Location and Event Data (ACLED) \u2013 Europe and Central Asia","note":"Data accessed on July 25, 2025. Region: Europe and Central Asia; event dates: January 1, 2020 \u2013 July 25, 2025; export format: Excel (.xlsx). A free ACLED account is required. Download via the ACLED Data Export Tool at https:\/\/acleddata.com\/data-export-tool\/ applying the above filters. The filename generated will include the download date. File location: data\/europe-central-asia_full_data_up_to-2025-07-25.xlsx.","access_type":"Data is publicly available but does not allow redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package.","license":"ACLED Terms of Use","license_uri":"https:\/\/acleddata.com\/terms-of-use\/","uri":"https:\/\/acleddata.com\/data-export-tool\/","citation":"Raleigh, C., Linke, A., Hegre, H., and Karlsen, J. 2010. \"Introducing ACLED: An Armed Conflict Location and Event Dataset.\" Journal of Peace Research, 47(5), 651\u2013660. Data retrieved from https:\/\/acleddata.com\/data-export-tool\/ on July 25, 2025."},{"name":"Energy Map \u2013 Electricity Outage Schedule and Combat-Related Power Disconnections","note":"Two datasets from the Energy Map open-data portal (DiXi Group NGO), both included in the package. (1) Electricity Outage Schedule (2025_10_14_electricity_outages.xlsx): hourly nationwide electricity-outage schedule compiled from NPC Ukrenergo data on planned stabilization outages; 24,097 rows \u00d7 4 columns; January 1, 2023 \u2013 October 14, 2025 (snapshot). Available at https:\/\/energy-map.info\/en\/datasets\/0f8f9882-1fb2-47c6-81dc-31fbad914f16. (2) Combat-Related Power Disconnections (2025_10_14_elektro_boiovi_dii_ukraina_minenergo.xlsx): daily record of hostilities-related power disconnections compiled from Ministry of Energy of Ukraine operational updates; March 1, 2022 \u2013 March 26, 2025. Available at https:\/\/energy-map.info\/en\/datasets\/85a0e29e-e9aa-4e5d-8f97-01ba4bf0ed59. Both files accessed October 14, 2025. A free account is required to export from the portal; the free tier applies download limits. Files are redistributed with attribution to energy-map.info under Energy Map Terms of Service \u00a76.1.5.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Energy Map Terms of Service (free content reusable with attribution)","license_uri":"https:\/\/energy-map.info\/en\/terms-of-service","uri":"https:\/\/energy-map.info\/","citation":"Energy Map \/ DiXi Group. 2025. \"Information on electricity consumption limitation measures; Number of consumers who lost electricity supply due to hostilities in Ukraine\" [dataset]. Compiled from NPC Ukrenergo and Ministry of Energy of Ukraine data. https:\/\/energy-map.info\/. Accessed October 14, 2025."}],"technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 11 Enterprise 25H2\n\u2022 Processor: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6226R CPU @ 2.90GHz (2 processors)\n\u2022 Memory available: 16.0 GB","reproduction_instructions":"To reproduce the findings in this paper, a replicator must:\n1. **Secure Access to Data:** Access the datasets not included in the package. See the Datasets section for more details.\n2. **Run the Package:**\n     - Update the working directory in line 19 of the do-file `00_master`, and run it.\n     - Open the R project `ukraine_skills.Rproj`, and restore the environment by running `renv::restore()` and following the prompts.\n     - Open the script `run_all.R` and run the code.\n\nSince not all the data is included, the package includes the results produced by replicators. These files can be used to review the results presented in the paper."},"datacite":{"creators":[{"givenName":"Britta","familyName":"Rude","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"World Bank","affiliationIdentifier":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ae7jd04","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR","schemeUri":"https:\/\/ror.org"}]},{"givenName":"Yurii","familyName":"Kleban","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Ostroh Academy","affiliationIdentifier":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01d5fpx70","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR","schemeUri":"https:\/\/ror.org"}]}],"titles":[{"lang":"en","title":"Reproducibility package for Labor Demand For Digital Skills In Post-2022 Ukraine: Evidence From Online Job Vacancy Data"},{"title":"RR_UKR_2026_702","titleType":"Other"}],"publisher":"World Bank","publicationYear":"2026","types":{"resourceType":"Reproducibility package","resourceTypeGeneral":"Other"},"url":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org\/index.php\/catalog\/study\/RR_UKR_2026_702","language":"en"},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open Code"},{"tag":"Restricted Data"}],"schematype":"script"}