{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DECDI","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2026-10-22","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Alaka Holla","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"aholla@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Samira Nikaein Towfighian","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"snikaein@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Mohini Kak","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"mkak@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Hiya Mahmassani","affiliation":"*","email":"*"},{"name":"Jeremy Mark Tomlinson","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"jtomlinson@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Fahmina Rahman Dutta","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"frahman1@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Rana Yacoub","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"ryacoub@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Amanda Devercelli","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"adevercelli@worldbank.org"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for The Nurturing State: How Governments Can Promote Early Childhood Development In The Middle East And North Africa","idno":"FR_WLD_2026_734"},"data_statement":"The reproducibility package relies on four types of data: open, accessible, limited-access and restricted. For the source, access type, file location, and citation of each dataset, refer to the Datasets section and the README file.","software":[{"name":"Stata","version":"19.5 MP"},{"name":"R","version":"4.5.1"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for The Nurturing State: How Governments Can Promote Early Childhood Development In The Middle East And North Africa","date":"2026-10","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","file_name":"FR_WLD_2026_734","zip_package":"FR_WLD_2026_734.zip","dependencies":"R dependencies are listed in the file renv.lock. Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder."}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2026-10-22","abstract":"This World Bank flagship report focuses on early childhood development (ECD) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, and it is stuctured around five analytical chapters, covering: (1) the rationale for government investment in nurturing care; (2) early health and nutrition; (3) early learning; (4) social protection for children; and (5) policy recommendations and pathways to action.","geographic_units":[{"name":"World","code":"WLD"}],"output":[{"type":"Flagship Report","description":"Flagship and report","title":"The Nurturing State: How Governments Can Promote Early Childhood Development In The Middle East And North Africa"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"technology_requirements":"Run time: ~25 minutes.","disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"MIT License","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/mit"},{"name":"World Bank IGO Rider","uri":"https:\/\/github.com\/worldbank\/metadata-editor\/blob\/main\/WB-IGO-RIDER.md"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Alaka Holla","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"aholla@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"datasets":[{"name":"Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS)","note":"Source: United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF), Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS).\nAccess date: March 2026.\nFile location: \"data\\raw\\MICS\".","access_type":"Data access requires purchase or human approval and is not included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Custom license","uri":"https:\/\/mics.unicef.org\/surveys","citation":"UNICEF. (2026). \"Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS)\" [dataset]. United Nations Children's Fund. https:\/\/mics.unicef.org\/surveys. Accessed March 2026."},{"name":"Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) \u2013 Jordan","note":"Source: The DHS Program.\nVersion DHS-7, 2017-18.\nAccess date: March 2026.\nFile location: \"data\\raw\\MICS\\Unzip\\jordan_dhs\".","access_type":"Data access requires purchase or human approval and is not included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Custom license","license_url":"https:\/\/dhsprogram.com\/Data\/terms-of-use.cfm","uri":"https:\/\/dhsprogram.com\/data\/available-datasets.cfm","citation":"The DHS Program. (2026). \"Jordan Demographic and Health Survey\" [dataset]. https:\/\/dhsprogram.com\/data\/available-datasets.cfm. Accessed March 2026.","license_uri":"https:\/\/dhsprogram.com\/Data\/terms-of-use.cfm"},{"name":"Pre-primary Education Indicators","note":"Source: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Institute for Statistics.\nIndicators used: preprimary net enrollment rate, preprimary expenditure relative to GDP, public\/private provision of preprimary education.\nAccess date: April 2026.\nFile location: \"data\\ch1\\data\"; \"data\\ch3\\data\".\nFile names: PPRIM_ner.csv; PPRIM_NER.csv; PPRIM_GDP.csv; PPRIM_PU_PR.csv; PPRIM_SAP.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)","license_url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/","uri":"https:\/\/databrowser.uis.unesco.org\/browser","citation":"UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2026). \"UIS Data Browser\" [dataset]. UNESCO. https:\/\/databrowser.uis.unesco.org\/browser. Accessed April 2026.","license_uri":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/"},{"name":"World Development Indicators (WDI)","note":"Source: World Bank.\nIndicators used: Prevalence of stunting, height for age (modeled estimate, % of children under 5) (SH.\u200bSTA.\u200bSTNT.\u200bME.\u200bZS); Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) (SH.\u200bDYN.\u200bMORT); Prevalence of overweight, weight for height (modeled estimate, % of children under 5) (SH.\u200bSTA.\u200bOWGH.\u200bME.\u200bZS); Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births)(SH.\u200bSTA.\u200bMMRT); PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (micrograms per cubic meter) (EN.\u200bATM.\u200bPM25.\u200bMC.\u200bM3); Population, total (SP.\u200bPOP.\u200bTOTL).\nAccess date: April 2026.\nFile location: \"data\\ch1\\data\"; \"data\\ch2\\data\"; \"data\\ch3\\data\".\nFile names: Stunt_0023.dta; MortU5_2023.dta; Lny_2023.dta; ATM_PM25.dta; TotPop_2020.dta; Overw_2024.dta; Stunt_2024.dta; MMort_2023.dta; Lny_1523.dta.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)","license_url":"https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/public-licenses?fragment=cc","uri":"https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/source\/world-development-indicators","citation":"World Bank. (2026). \"World Development Indicators\" [dataset]. World Bank. https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/source\/world-development-indicators. Accessed April 2026.","license_uri":"https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/public-licenses?fragment=cc"},{"name":"World Population Prospects 2024","note":"Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division.\nAccess date: April 2026.\nFile location: \"data\\ch1\\data\".\nFile names: WPP_0yo.dta; WPP_3_4yo.dta; WPP_4yo.dta.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO (CC BY 3.0 IGO)","license_url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/igo\/","uri":"https:\/\/population.un.org\/wpp\/","citation":"United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. (2024). \"World Population Prospects 2024\" [dataset]. United Nations. https:\/\/population.un.org\/wpp\/. Accessed April 2026.","license_uri":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/igo\/"},{"name":"Female Labour Force Participation Rate","note":"Source: International Labour Organization Statistics database, ILOSTAT. \nAccess date: April 2026.\nFile location: \"data\\ch4\\data\". \nFile names: FLFP.csv.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)","license_url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/","uri":"https:\/\/ilostat.ilo.org\/data\/?cat_mode=subject","citation":"International Labour Organization. (2026). \"ILOSTAT\" [dataset]. ILO. https:\/\/ilostat.ilo.org\/data\/. Accessed April 2026.","license_uri":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"name":"Mental Health Workforce Density","note":"Source: World Health Organization, Global Health Observatory.\nIndicators used: Psychiatrists working in mental health sector (per 100,000); Mental health: nurses working in mental health sector (per 100,000); Mental health services: social workers working in mental health sector (per 100,000); Psychologists working in mental health sector (per 100,000).\nAccess date: April 2026.\nFile location: \"data\\ch2\\data\".\nFile names: MHW_1617.csv.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Intergovernmental Organization (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO)","license_url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/igo\/","uri":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/data\/gho\/data\/themes\/topics\/indicator-groups\/indicator-group-details\/GHO\/mental-health-workers","citation":"World Health Organization. (2020). \"Global Health Observatory\" [dataset]. WHO. https:\/\/www.who.int\/data\/gho\/data\/indicators. Accessed April 2026.","license_uri":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/igo\/"},{"name":"Maternal, Newborn and Child Health and Nutrition Indicators","note":"Source: United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF).\nIndicators used: Percentage of surviving infants who received the third dose of DTP-containing vaccine; Antenatal care 4+ visits - percentage of women (aged 15-49 years) attended at least four times during pregnancy by any provider; Postnatal care for mothers - percentage of women (aged 15-49 years) who received postnatal care within 2 days of giving birth; Skilled birth attendant - percentage of deliveries attended by skilled health personnel; Egg and\/or flesh foods consumption (6-23months); Exclusive breastfeeding (0-5 months); Introduction to solid, semi-solid foods (6-8 months); Minimum acceptable diet (children aged 6-23 months); Diarrhoea treatment - percentage of children (under age 5) with diarrhoea who received ORT (oral rehydration salts or recommended homemade fluids or increased fluids) and continued feeding; Zero vegetable or fruit consumption (6-23months).\nAccess date: April 2026.\nFile location: \"data\\ch1\\data\"; \"data\\ch2\\data\".\nFile names: DPT3_0024.csv; ANC4_UR_a15.csv; ANC4_w5_a15.csv; Care_tab22_a15.csv; CEgFl_a15.csv; EXBF_w5_a15.csv; Feed_tab21_a15.csv; MAD_w5_a15.csv; Qual_tab23_a15.csv; ZEFOFV_a15.csv.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Custom license","license_url":"https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/legal","uri":"https:\/\/data.unicef.org\/dv_index\/","citation":"UNICEF. (2026). \"UNICEF Data Warehouse\" [dataset]. United Nations Children's Fund. https:\/\/data.unicef.org\/dv_index\/. Accessed April 2026.","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/legal"},{"name":"Our World in Data","note":"Source: Our World in Data.\nIndicator used: Share of population that cannot afford a healthy diet.\nAccess date: April 2026.\nFile location: \"data\\ch2\\data\".\nFile names: HDUnaff_24.csv.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)","license_url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/","uri":"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/share-healthy-diet-unaffordable","citation":"Our World in Data. (2026). \"Our World in Data\" [dataset]. Global Change Data Lab. https:\/\/ourworldindata.org. Accessed April 2026.","license_uri":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"name":"ASPIRE: The Atlas of Social Protection Indicators of Resilience and Equity","note":"Source: World Bank.\nAccess date: December 2025.\nFile location: \"data\\ch1\"; \"data\\ch4\".\nFile names: ASPIRE Data Export.xlsx.","access_type":"Data access was granted directly to the study authors by the data owners\/managers. It was obtained with a custom data license that does not allow for redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package. Available to World Bank Staff only.","uri":"https:\/\/radweb.worldbank.org\/aspire\/home","citation":"World Bank. (2025). \"ASPIRE: The Atlas of Social Protection Indicators of Resilience and Equity \u2013 Administrative Data\" [dataset]. World Bank. https:\/\/radweb.worldbank.org\/aspire\/home. Accessed December 2025."},{"name":"World Bank Official Boundaries","note":"Source: World Bank Data.\nAccess date: April 2026.\nFile location: \"data\\map\".\nFile names: World Bank Official Boundaries - Admin 0_all_layers.zip; shapefile components; WB2025_data.dta; WB2025_coord.dta; spmaplabels.dta.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)","license_url":"https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/public-licenses?fragment=cc","uri":"https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/search\/dataset\/0038272\/World-Bank-Official-Boundaries","citation":"World Bank. (2025). \"World Bank Official Boundaries\" [dataset]. World Bank. https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/search\/dataset\/0038272\/World-Bank-Official-Boundaries. Accessed April 2026.","license_uri":"https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/public-licenses?fragment=cc"},{"name":"Global Burden of Disease Study Data","note":"Source: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.\nIndicators used: prevalence of mental disorders among women ages 15-49, by type (Chapter 2).\nAccess date: April 2026.\nFile location: \"data\\ch2\\data\".\nFile names: Chapter_2_GBD.xlsx.","access_type":"Data is publicly available but does not allow redistribution and is not included in the reproducibility package.","license":"IHME Free-of-Charge Non-Commercial User Agreement","license_url":"https:\/\/www.healthdata.org\/Data-tools-practices\/data-practices\/ihme-free-charge-non-commercial-user-agreement","uri":"https:\/\/ghdx.healthdata.org\/gbd-2023","citation":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). (2025). \"Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 (GBD 2023) Results\" [dataset]. IHME, University of Washington. https:\/\/ghdx.healthdata.org\/gbd-2023. Accessed April 2026.","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.healthdata.org\/Data-tools-practices\/data-practices\/ihme-free-charge-non-commercial-user-agreement"},{"name":"Acute Food Insecurity","note":"Source: Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC).\nAccess date: April 2026.\nFile location: \"data\\ch2\".\nFile names: Chapter_2_Exhibits.xlsx.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share-Alike 3.0 IGO (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO)","license_url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/igo\/","uri":"https:\/\/www.ipcinfo.org\/ipc-country-analysis\/population-tracking-tool\/en\/","citation":"Integrated Food Security Phase Classification. (2026). \"Acute Food Insecurity\" [dataset]. https:\/\/www.ipcinfo.org\/ipcinfo-website\/ipc-dashboard\/en\/. Accessed April 2026.","license_uri":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/igo\/"},{"name":"Nutrition and Food Policy Classifications","note":"Source: Authors' compilation from WHO (2022), the Global SSB Tax Database (2023), the Global Fortification Data Exchange, and Al-Jawaldeh and Jabbour (2022).\nAccess date: April 2026.\nFile location: classifications encoded in \"code\\ch2\\dofiles\".\nFile names: ch2_map01.do; ch2_map02.do.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","citation":"Authors' compilation. 2026. Nutrition and Food Policy Classifications for the Middle East and North Africa [dataset]. Based on WHO (2022), the Global SSB Tax Database (2023), the Global Fortification Data Exchange, and Al-Jawaldeh and Jabbour (2022)."},{"name":"Reproducibility package for Children In Monetary Poor Households","note":"Source: Ibarra et al. (2025) and the World Bank Reproducible Research Repository (RR_WLD_2025_450).\nAccess date: December 2025.\nFile location: \"data\\ch4\\CPR_reprod_package\".","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Modified BSD3","license_url":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org\/index.php\/catalog\/401","citation":"World Bank. 2025. \"Reproducibility package for Children in Monetary Poor Households: Global, Regional, and Select National Trends in the Progress Against Child Poverty\" [dataset]. Reproducible Research Repository. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.60572\/9C9A-RR15.","license_uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"},{"name":"Chapter-specific curated spreadsheets","note":"Source: Authors' compilation from referenced publications, country questionnaires, World Bank country-team consultations, government reports and administrative sources. Specific sources listed in each Excel sheet.\nFile location: \"data\\ch2\"; \"data\\ch4\"; \"data\\ch5\". File names: Chapter_2_Exhibits.xlsx; Chapter_4_Exhibits.xlsx; Chapter_5_Exhibits.xlsx.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","citation":"Authors' compilation. 2026. MENA Early Childhood Development Flagship Curated Exhibits [dataset]. World Bank, The Nurturing State: How Governments Can Promote Early Childhood Development in the Middle East and North Africa."}],"technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 11 Enterprise\n\u2022 Processor: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6226R CPU @ 2.90GHz\n\u2022 Memory available: 32.0 GB","reproduction_instructions":"To reproduce the findings in this paper, a replicator must:\n1. **Secure Access to Data:** Access the datasets not included in the package. See the Datasets section for more details.\n2. **Run the Package:**\n  - Open and run `code\/profile`.\n  - When requested, select the `.here` file included in the package.\n  - Update the global R_exe in `code\/master_mnaecd_replication`.\n  - Run the do-file `code\/master_mnaecd_replication`.\n\nSince not all the data is included, the package includes the results produced by replicators. These files can be used to review the results presented in the paper."},"datacite":{"creators":[{"givenName":"Alaka","familyName":"Holla","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"World Bank","affiliationIdentifier":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ae7jd04","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR","schemeUri":"https:\/\/ror.org"}]},{"givenName":"Samira Nikaein","familyName":"Towfighian","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"World Bank","affiliationIdentifier":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ae7jd04","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR","schemeUri":"https:\/\/ror.org"}]},{"givenName":"Mohini","familyName":"Kak","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"World Bank","affiliationIdentifier":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ae7jd04","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR","schemeUri":"https:\/\/ror.org"}]},{"givenName":"Hiya","familyName":"Mahmassani","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"*","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR","schemeUri":"https:\/\/ror.org"}]},{"givenName":"Jeremy Mark","familyName":"Tomlinson","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"World Bank","affiliationIdentifier":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ae7jd04","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR","schemeUri":"https:\/\/ror.org"}]},{"givenName":"Fahmina Rahman","familyName":"Dutta","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"World Bank","affiliationIdentifier":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ae7jd04","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR","schemeUri":"https:\/\/ror.org"}]},{"givenName":"Rana","familyName":"Yacoub","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"World Bank","affiliationIdentifier":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ae7jd04","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR","schemeUri":"https:\/\/ror.org"}]},{"givenName":"Amanda","familyName":"Devercelli","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"World Bank","affiliationIdentifier":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ae7jd04","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR","schemeUri":"https:\/\/ror.org"}]}],"titles":[{"lang":"en","title":"Reproducibility package for The Nurturing State: How Governments Can Promote Early Childhood Development In The Middle East And North Africa"},{"title":"FR_WLD_2026_734","titleType":"Other"}],"publisher":"World Bank","publicationYear":"2026","types":{"resourceType":"Reproducibility package","resourceTypeGeneral":"Other"},"url":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org\/index.php\/catalog\/study\/FR_WLD_2026_734","language":"en"},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open Code"},{"tag":"Restricted Data"}],"schematype":"script"}