{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DECDI","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2026-10-28","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Maurizio Bussolo","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"mbussolo@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Christoph Lakner","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"clakner@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Minh Cong Nguyen","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"mnguyen3@worldbank.org"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for A Global Profile Of Work And Poverty: Two Decades Of Evidence","idno":"RR_WLD_2026_776"},"data_statement":"The reproducibility package relies on one type of data: limited-access data. For the source, access type, file location, and citation of each dataset, refer to the Datasets section and the README file.","software":[{"name":"Stata","version":"19.5"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for A Global Profile Of Work And Poverty: Two Decades Of Evidence","date":"2026-10","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","file_name":"RR_WLD_2026_776","zip_package":"RR_WLD_2026_776.zip","dependencies":"Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder."}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2026-10-28","abstract":"We construct a new global database that links harmonized labor-market information from household surveys to the welfare distributions underlying the global poverty estimates. Covering 150 economies and 96 percent of the world\u2019s population between 2003 and 2024, the database places individuals in the global welfare distribution while recording their education, employment status, and sector of work. This unique linkage allows us to compare labormarket outcomes between poor and non-poor populations within and across countries over two decades. Relative to the non-poor, poor workers are less educated, substantially more likely to be self-employed, and far more concentrated in agriculture, while employment rates are broadly similar. At the $3.00 poverty line, 61 percent of poor workers have only primary education or less, 79 percent are self-employed, and 66 percent work in agriculture, compared with 25 percent, 35 percent, and 20 percent among the non-poor. Counterfactual simulations suggest that narrowing gaps in education, employment type, and sector would reduce poverty substantially, often by more than comparable increases in employment. Decomposing growth in welfare per person between 2003 and 2024 into the returns of labor, the employment rate, and the working-age share, shows that the returns to labor explain all of the observed poverty reduction.","geographic_units":[{"name":"World","code":"WLD"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Poverty"},{"name":"Labor Supply"},{"name":"Structural Transformation"},{"name":"Returns To Work"},{"name":"Household Surveys"}],"topics":[{"id":"I32","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Measurement and Analysis of Poverty","parent_id":"I3"},{"id":" J21","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure","parent_id":"J2"},{"id":" J24","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Human Capital \u2022 Skills \u2022 Occupational Choice \u2022 Labor Productivity","parent_id":"J2"},{"id":" O15","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Human Resources \u2022 Human Development \u2022 Income Distribution \u2022 Migration","parent_id":"O1"},{"id":" O57","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Comparative Studies of Countries","parent_id":"O5"}],"output":[{"type":"Working Paper","description":"Policy Research Working Paper (PRWP) WPS11488","title":"A Global Profile Of Work And Poverty: Two Decades Of Evidence","uri":"http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/099656210212622853","doi":"https:\/\/www.doi.org\/10.1596\/1813-9450-11488"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"technology_requirements":"Run time: 3 hours","disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"MIT License","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/mit"},{"name":"World Bank IGO Rider","uri":"https:\/\/github.com\/worldbank\/metadata-editor\/blob\/main\/WB-IGO-RIDER.md"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Maurizio Bussolo","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"mbussolo@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"datasets":[{"name":"Lineup Data for A Global Profile of Work and Poverty: Two Decades of Evidence","note":"Source: World Bank","access_type":" Data access requires human approval and is not included in the reproducibility package.","license":"License Not Applicable (AMS 6.21A)","license_uri":"https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/int\/all-licenses?fragment=lna","uri":"https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/int\/data\/dataset\/0067178\/lineup_data_for_a_global_profile_of_work_and_poverty_two_decades_of_evidence","citation":"World Bank. 2026. \"Lineup Data for A Global Profile of Work and Poverty: Two Decades of Evidence\" [dataset]. World Bank Data Catalog. https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/int\/data\/dataset\/0067178\/lineup_data_for_a_global_profile_of_work_and_poverty_two_decades_of_evidence. Accessed October 2026."}],"reproduction_instructions":"To reproduce the findings in this paper, a replicator must:\n1. **Secure Access to Data:** Access the datasets not included in the package. See the Datasets section for more details.\n2. **Run the Package:** Update global path in 01.code\/dofile\/master dofile to your local package path, and run it. \nNote: Since the data is not included, the package includes the results produced by replicators. These files can be used to review the results presented in the paper.","technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 11 Enterprise\n\u2022 Processor: INTEL(R) XEON(R) PLATINUM 8562Y+   2.80 GHz  (2 processors)  \n\u2022 Memory available: 128.0 GB"},"datacite":{"creators":[{"givenName":"Maurizio","familyName":"Bussolo","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"World Bank","affiliationIdentifier":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ae7jd04","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR","schemeUri":"https:\/\/ror.org"}]},{"givenName":"Christoph","familyName":"Lakner","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"World Bank","affiliationIdentifier":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ae7jd04","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR","schemeUri":"https:\/\/ror.org"}]},{"givenName":"Minh Cong","familyName":"Nguyen","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"World Bank","affiliationIdentifier":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ae7jd04","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR","schemeUri":"https:\/\/ror.org"}]}],"titles":[{"lang":"en","title":"Reproducibility package for A Global Profile Of Work And Poverty: Two Decades Of Evidence"},{"title":"RR_WLD_2026_776","titleType":"Other"}],"publisher":"World Bank","publicationYear":"2026","types":{"resourceType":"Reproducibility package","resourceTypeGeneral":"Other"},"url":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org\/index.php\/catalog\/study\/RR_WLD_2026_776","language":"en"},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"limited-access Data"},{"tag":"Open Code"},{"tag":"Restricted Data"}],"schematype":"script"}