{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DECDI","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2026-11-09","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Sandra V. Rozo","affiliation":"World Bank Group","email":"sandrarozo@worldbank.org"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for Forcibly Displaced Populations: Lessons from the Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Research, 2010\u20132026","idno":"RR_WLD_2026_811"},"data_statement":"The reproducibility package relies on one type of data: open data. For the source, access type, file location, and citation of each dataset, refer to the Datasets section and the README file.","software":[{"name":"Stata","version":"18.0 MP"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for Forcibly Displaced Populations: Lessons from the Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Research, 2010\u20132026","date":"2026-11","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","file_name":"RR_WLD_2026_811","zip_package":"RR_WLD_2026_811.zip","dependencies":"Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder."}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2026-11-09","abstract":"By the end of 2025, nearly 118 million people were forcibly displaced due to conflict, violence, climate change, and human rights violations. Today, development, humanitarian, and academic institutions agree on the necessity of creating solutions that facilitate the economic self-reliance of these populations. In fact, the UN Refugee Agency has set a target to support 50 percent of the world\u2019s aid reliant refugees in low- and middle-income countries, nearly 8 million people, to move beyond aid through greater self-reliance by 2035. The remaining challenge is to generate evidence on how to do it. This VoxDevLit synthesizes quantitative research conducted between 2010 and 2026, focusing on studies that use experimental or quasi-experimental methods to examine (1) the impacts of forced displacement on host communities and (2) the effectiveness of policies designed to support both forcibly displaced populations and their hosts, with a strong focus on policies that can facilitate refugees\u2019 self-reliance.\n\nKey insights from this body of work indicate that displaced populations have, on average, neutral to positive effects on economic outcomes, although informal workers and other migrants may initially face challenges, especially if their skills are close substitutes for those of the displaced populations. ","geographic_units":[{"name":"World","code":"WLD"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Forced Displacement"},{"name":"Refugees"},{"name":"Internally Displaced Persons"},{"name":"Host Communities"},{"name":"Self-Reliance"},{"name":"Impact Evaluation"},{"name":"Literature Review"}],"topics":[{"id":"D74","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Conflict \u2022 Conflict Resolution \u2022 Alliances \u2022 Revolutions","parent_id":"D7"},{"id":" F22","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"International Migration","parent_id":"F2"},{"id":" I38","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Government Policy \u2022 Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs","parent_id":"I3"},{"id":" J15","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants \u2022 Non-labor Discrimination","parent_id":"J1"},{"id":" J61","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Geographic Labor Mobility \u2022 Immigrant Workers","parent_id":"J6"},{"id":" O15","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Human Resources \u2022 Human Development \u2022 Income Distribution \u2022 Migration","parent_id":"O1"}],"output":[{"type":"Working Paper","description":"Policy Research Working Paper (PRWP)","title":"Forcibly Displaced Populations: Lessons from the Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Research, 2010\u20132026"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"technology_requirements":"Runtime: ~15 seconds. ","disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"MIT License","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/mit"},{"name":"World Bank IGO Rider","uri":"https:\/\/github.com\/worldbank\/metadata-editor\/blob\/main\/WB-IGO-RIDER.md"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Sandra V. Rozo","affiliation":"World Bank Group","email":"sandrarozo@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility World Bank Group","affiliation":"World Bank Group","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"datasets":[{"name":"Refugee Data Finder","note":"Filename: Data\/Raw\/UNHCR\/unhcr_population.zip; Data\/Raw\/UNHCR\/unrwa.json; Data\/Raw\/UNHCR\/countries.json. Downloaded from the UNHCR Refugee Data Finder API on 20 October 2026. unhcr_population.zip (population.csv and footnotes.csv) has the end-of-year numbers of refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced people, and others of concern by country of origin, country of asylum, and year, 1951\u20132025; unrwa.json has the number of Palestine refugees under UNRWA's mandate by year, 1951\u20132025; countries.json is UNHCR's country list with ISO codes and continents. ","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/refugee-statistics\/methodology","citation":"United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). (2026). Refugee Data Finder [dataset]. UNHCR. Accessed 2026-10-20. https:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/refugee-statistics","uri":"https:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/refugee-statistics\/download"},{"name":"World Development Indicators","note":"Filename: Data\/Raw\/WorldBank\/world_pop.dta. Total world population by year (indicator SP.POP.TOTL, world aggregate WLD), 1960\u20132025, retrieved on 20 October 2026 in Stata with wbopendata and kept as year and sp_pop_totl. Read by Code\/02_figure1.do to express forcibly displaced people per 1,000 people in Figure 1, Panel A.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/public-licenses#cc-by","citation":"World Bank. (2026). World Development Indicators: Population, total (SP.POP.TOTL) [dataset]. World Bank. Accessed 2026-10-20. https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SP.POP.TOTL","uri":"https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SP.POP.TOTL"},{"name":"Dataset of World Refugee and Asylum Policies (DWRAP)","note":"Filename: Data\/Raw\/DWRAP\/dwrap_index.dta. File version of 28 June 2024, accessed 11 December 2024. Asylum policy indices (aggregate, access, services, livelihoods, movement and political participation) by country and year, 1951\u20132022, based on Blair, Grossman and Weinstein (2022). Read by Code\/03_figure2_appendixB.do for Figure 2 and Figures B1\u2013B5 (derived: Data\/Intermediate\/dwrap_continent_year.dta, FigureB_PanelB_MapData.dta and Outputs\/MapData\/FigureB_PanelB_MapData.csv, the data of the official maps in Figures B1\u2013B5, Panel B). Continents and ISO3 codes of DWRAP countries are assigned in Code\/dwrap_countries.do.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/public-licenses#cc-by","citation":"World Bank. (2024). Dataset of World Refugee and Asylum Policies (DWRAP) [dataset]. World Bank Development Data Hub, dataset 0066171. https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/search\/dataset\/0066171\/Dataset-of-World-Refugee-and-Asylum-Policies--DWRAP-","uri":"https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/search\/dataset\/0066171\/Dataset-of-World-Refugee-and-Asylum-Policies--DWRAP-"},{"name":"1:110m Cultural Vectors, Admin 0 \u2013 Countries, version 5.1.1","note":"Filename: Data\/Raw\/Shapefiles\/NaturalEarth\/ne_110m_admin_0_countries.shp; .shx; .dbf; .prj; .cpg; .README.html; .VERSION.txt. Public-domain country boundaries, accessed 20 October 2026.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Public domain","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.naturalearthdata.com\/about\/terms-of-use\/","citation":"Natural Earth. (2022). 1:110m Cultural Vectors, Admin 0 \u2013 Countries, version 5.1.1 [dataset]. Natural Earth. Accessed 2026-10-20. https:\/\/www.naturalearthdata.com\/downloads\/110m-cultural-vectors\/","uri":"https:\/\/www.naturalearthdata.com\/downloads\/110m-cultural-vectors\/"},{"name":"Database of experimental and quasi-experimental studies on forced displacement, 2010\u20132026","note":"Filename: Data\/Raw\/Literature\/LitReview_2010-2026.xlsx. Original data constructed by the author and research assistants from the published and working-paper literature (search strategy in Appendix A of the paper): the 312 experimental and quasi-experimental studies reviewed, with authors, year, journal, method, up to three topics, and the population studied (tab Summarized), and the topic definitions (tab Index). ","access_type":"Data is included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Custom License","citation":"Authors' compilation, World Bank. (2026). Database of experimental and quasi-experimental studies on forced displacement, 2010\u20132026 [dataset]."}],"technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: macOS 26.7.1\n\u2022 Processor: Apple M4 Pro (14 cores)\n\u2022 Memory available: 24 GB","reproduction_instructions":"To reproduce the findings in this paper, a replicator must:\n1. Open the `main` do-file in the `Reproducibility package\/` folder and set `global root` (line 18) to the location of that folder on your computer.\n2. Run the `main` do-file in Stata 18. "},"datacite":{"creators":[{"givenName":"Sandra V.","familyName":"Rozo","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"World Bank Group","affiliationIdentifier":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02md09461","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR","schemeUri":"https:\/\/ror.org"}]}],"titles":[{"lang":"en","title":"Reproducibility package for REFUGEES and OTHER FORCIBLY DISPLACED POPULATIONS: LESSONS from the EXPERIMENTAL and QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH, 2010\u20132026"},{"title":"RR_WLD_2026_811","titleType":"Other"}],"publisher":"World Bank","publicationYear":"2026","types":{"resourceType":"Reproducibility package","resourceTypeGeneral":"Other"},"url":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org\/index.php\/catalog\/study\/RR_WLD_2026_811","language":"en"},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open Code"},{"tag":"Open Data"}],"schematype":"script"}