{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"abbr":"CK","name":"Krestel","affiliation":"World Bank"}],"prod_date":"2023-06-30"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Roberto N. Fattal-Jaef","affiliation":"Development Research Group, Macroeconomics and Growth, The World Bank","author_id":[{"type":"ORCID","id":"0000-0003-0334-6309"}],"email":"rfattaljaef@gmail.com"}],"output":[{"type":"Published Paper","title":"Entry Barriers, Idiosyncratic Distortions, and the Firm Size Distribution","authors":"Roberto N. Fattal-Jaef","doi":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1257\/mac.20200234","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/articles?id=10.1257\/mac.20200234"}],"software":[{"name":"R","version":"3.6.3"},{"name":"GNU Fortran","version":"9.3.0"}],"title_statement":{"idno":"PP_WLD_2022_PRWP-9027_v01","title":"Reproducibility package for Entry Barriers, Idiosyncratic Distortions, and the Firm Size Distribution","identifiers":[{"type":"doi","identifier":" https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3886\/E123043V1"}]},"acknowledgment_statement":"We are grateful to Francisco Buera, Yongseok Shin, and seminar participants at the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis\u2019s Research Department, the Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, and the International Monetary Fund for helpful comments and suggestions. We also thank Norman Loayza and the World Bank Research Hub in Malaysia for performing computations with Malaysia\u2019s Census of Manufacturing Sector for 2015. ","sponsors":[{"name":"World Bank\u2019s Department for International Development (DFID) Strategic Research Program under Trust Fund","grant_no":"TF0A1977 "}],"production_date":"2022-04","abstract":"This paper studies the interaction between barriers to firm entry and distortions to allocative efficiency in a standard model of firm dynamics. We derive a strategy to infer entry barriers based on cross-country differences in the firm size distribution and idiosyncratic distortions. The inferred barriers resemble regulation-based indicators in advanced economies but are substantially higher in middle- and low-income countries. Regulation-based indicators cannot account for cross-country differences in average firm size and underestimate the aggregate productivity gains associated with their removal by up to 8 percent on average.","topics":[{"id":"D21","vocabulary":"JEL Classifications","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php","name":"Firm Behavior: Theory"},{"id":"D24","vocabulary":"JEL Classifications","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php","name":"Production \u2022 Cost \u2022 Capital \u2022 Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity \u2022 Capacity"},{"id":"H25","vocabulary":"JEL Classifications","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php","name":"Business Taxes and Subsidies"},{"id":"L11","vocabulary":"JEL Classifications","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php","name":"Production, Pricing, and Market Structure \u2022 Size Distribution of Firms"},{"id":"L60","vocabulary":"JEL Classifications","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php","name":"General"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"methods":[{"name":"Monopolistic competition with heterogenous firms"},{"name":"Simulation"}],"reproduction_instructions":"A readme file with detailed instructions is part of the (external) reproducibility package.","confidentiality":"Yes, please refer to the data statement and the readme file.","data_statement":"The data for this project is composed of the various firm-level databases, the Penn World Tables for aggregate data, the Doing Business Indicators for the regulation based barriers to entry, and the Small Business Administration for inferring the US\u2019s distribution of firm shares across 2 digit industries. The firm level databases are composed of commercial, confidential, and publicly accessible sources. The commercial database is AMADEUS, which is developed by Bureau Van Dijk (van Dijk, 2018). These can be purchased from the developer or accessed through an affiliation with an institution with an active membership to the data. As explained in the data appendix of the article, the countries selected from AMADEUS for the analysis are: Bulgaria, Belgium, Finland, Portugal, Spain, Latvia, France, Hungary, Romania, and Italy. There are a number of firm-level censuses whose access is confidential, due to agreements between the corresponding statistical agencies and the World Bank. The firm-level Censuses in this category are: El Salvador (2005) , Kenya (2010) , Ethiopia (2010) , Ghana (2003) , Peru (2008) , Pakistan (2005) , Bangladesh (2012) , and Malaysia (2015) . The remaining firm-level datasets are freely accessible from the countries\u2019 statistical agency websites.","contacts":[{"email":"rfattaljaef@gmail.com","affiliation":"World Bank","role":"Author","name":"Roberto N. Fattal-Jaef"},{"uri":"reproducibility.worldbank.org","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org","name":"Reproducibility WBG"}],"scripts":[{"dependencies":"R: dplyr, haven, foreign, ggplot2, ggrepel, gridExtra, modeest","software":"R, GNU Fortran","file_name":"PP_WLD_2022_PRWP-9027_prg_v01.zip","zip_package":"PP_WLD_2022_PRWP-9027_prg_v01.zip","title":"Reproducibility package (data and code) for Entry Barriers, Idiosyncratic Distortions, and the Firm Size Distribution","date":"2022-04","instructions":"See readme in the reproducibility package","source_code_repo":"AEA data and code repository (ICPSR)","notes":"Checked for reproducibility externally at the journal","license":[{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License","uri":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}]}],"geographic_units":[{"name":"World","code":"WLD","type":"reg"}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"AEA Data and Code Repository","uri":"https:\/\/www.openicpsr.org\/openicpsr\/aea"}],"technology_environment":"x86 64-pc-linux-gnu (64-bit)","license":[{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License","uri":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/the World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","reproducibility_status":{"type":"Licensed access","note":"The package contains all code needed to reproduce all findings in the report; some or all the data is not included in the package (but is publicly available). The readme provides details of how data can be accessed"}},"tags":[{"tag":"Partially Reproducible"},{"tag":"Published Paper"}],"schematype":"script"}