{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reyes Retana","abbr":"MRR","affiliation":"World Bank","role":"Junior Data Scientist"}],"prod_date":"2024-01-10","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"He He","affiliation":"World Bank","email":" hhe2@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Chaeyoung Kim","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"ckim9@worldbank.org"}],"output":[{"type":"Working Paper","description":"Policy Research Working Paper (PRWP) 10647","doi":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1596\/1813-9450-10647","uri":"http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/099900312152317565\/IDU0115208e80423d043810b86e05f35c138b74c","title":"Vehicle and Fuel Taxation for Transport Demand Management: Learnings from the Literature through a Development Lens","authors":"He He, Chaeyoung Kim"}],"datasets":[{"name":"Weighted Average Elasticity data","note":"File name: Weighted average elasticity.xlsx\n\nData was extracted from 40 pieces of literature published between 1992 and 2022. The dataset provides insights into demand response elasticities related to vehicle purchase, ownership, and use taxes.","access_type":"Published with the package"},{"name":"Externality Costs data","note":"File name: Externality costs_reproducibility.xlsx\n\nData was extracted from 17 pieces of literature published between 1995 and 2019. The dataset includes estimates of externality costs associated with private vehicle use, such as congestion, pollution, and noise.","access_type":"Published with the package"}],"scripts":[{"file_name":"RR_WLD_2023_66-v01.zip","zip_package":"RR_WLD_2023_66-v01.zip","title":"Reproducibility package for Vehicle and Fuel Taxation for Transport Demand Management: Learnings from the Literature through a Development Lens","date":"2023-12","description":"This package provides the necessary Excel files to replicate the calculations and results of the study. It includes a detailed README file offering clear instructions for using the Excel files.","dependencies":"The package does not have dependencies.","instructions":"See README in the reproducibility package.","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DIME) Analytics team, World Bank."}],"title_statement":{"idno":"RR_WLD_2023_66-v01","title":"Reproducibility package for Vehicle and Fuel Taxation for Transport Demand Management:  Learnings from the Literature through a Development Lens","identifiers":[{"type":"DOI","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.60572\/3wek-tf84"}]},"reproducibility_status":{"type":"Partially reproducible:  this package contains all materials to reproduce the paper, but it is done manually. "},"acknowledgment_statement":"The authors thank Jevgenijs Steinbuks and St\u00e9phane Straub for their insightful comments. Opinions expressed in this study are of the authors alone and do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Directors, or its member states.","production_date":"2023-12","abstract":"Correctly pricing private vehicles and their use is paramount to building sustainable, safe, and equitable transportation systems. However, determining the \u201cright\u201d price \u2013 the combination of taxes on vehicle purchase, ownership, and use \u2013 is a complex problem. Although a rich literature exists on the subject, it is built on evidence from developed countries. This paper synthesizes the lessons learned from the literature, theoretical and empirical, on vehicle and fuel taxation for managing private vehicle demand. In particular, the paper examines the efficiency and distributional impacts of purchase, ownership, and use taxes. The literature is unequivocal that taxing use dominates taxing purchase or ownership on efficiency grounds. Nonetheless, the latter instruments can still have important roles to play, for example, addressing specific market failures, for equity and political acceptability considerations, or for ease of enforcement. The paper also discusses the practical challenges of saliency, gaming, and evasion of taxes; how the effectiveness of taxes as policy instruments also depends on the availability of alternatives to driving; and what the emergence of electric vehicles means for optimal taxation. Importantly, the paper considers how these lessons, mostly derived from high-income countries with mature automobile markets, apply to developing contexts. In addition to the policy discussion, the paper conducts two exercises compiling empirical evidence. It compiles and compares estimates of the externality costs associated with private vehicle use, including congestion, local air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, injuries, and noise. Similarly, it compiles and compares demand response elasticities to vehicle purchase, ownership, and use taxes. Both serve as useful references for researchers, development practitioners, and policy makers.","geographic_units":[{"name":"World","code":"WLD"}],"keywords":[{"name":"taxation"},{"name":"externality"},{"name":"international development"},{"name":"motorization"}],"topics":[{"id":"O18","name":"Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis \u2022 Housing \u2022 Infrastructure","parent_id":"O1","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel"},{"id":"R41","name":"Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion \u2022 Travel Time \u2022 Safety and Accidents \u2022 Transportation Noise","parent_id":"R4","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel"},{"id":"R48","name":"Government Pricing and Policy","parent_id":"R4","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were analyzed in a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2013 OS: Windows 11 Enterprise\n\u2013 Processor: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-1145G7 CPU @ 2.60GHz\n\u2013 Memory available: 15.7 GB","reproduction_instructions":"See README in the reproducibility package.","disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"He He","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"hhe2@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"data_statement":"This study conducts a comprehensive meta-analysis, synthesizing empirical data and theoretical insights from a broad range of literature. The complete list of papers, including author names, publication years, and corresponding values, is meticulously documented in Excel files and the Appendix of the paper."},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"}],"schematype":"script"}