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PRWP

Reproducibility package for International Trade Policy And Quantitative Models: A Practitioner’s Guide

2026
Get Reproducibility Package
Reference ID
RR_WLD_2026_593
DOI
https://doi.org/10.60572/00tk-h866
Author(s)
Erhan Artuc, Johan Ortega
Collections
World Bank Policy Research Working Papers
Metadata
JSON
Created on
Mar 24, 2026
Last modified
Apr 01, 2026
Page views
73
Downloads
14
  • Overview
  • Reproducibility Package
  • Description
  • Scope and coverage
  • Disclaimer
  • Access and rights
  • Contacts
  • Information on metadata
  • Citation

    • Overview

    Abstract

    Quantitative international trade models are essential tools for policy analysis. This paper provides guidance for quantifying and solving trade models for policy simulations using popular programming languages, Python, Julia, Matlab and R. The solution follows simple linear steps and can easily be modified to add different components, thus be extended to a wide class of models. Using the provided tools, the paper shows that an additional 25 percent ad valorem tariff between high and low income countries has a substantial negative effect on disposable income in all countries, ranging between 0.5% to 7.4%.

    Reproducibility Package

    Scripts
    Get Reproducibility Package
    File name
    RR_WLD_2026_593
    Zip package
    RR_WLD_2026_593.zip
    Title
    Reproducibility package for International Trade Policy And Quantitative Models: A Practitioner’s Guide
    Date
    2026-03
    Dependencies
    Python dependencies are stored in requirements.txt; Julia dependencies are stored in Project.toml.
    Instructions
    See README in reproducibility package.
    Notes
    Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.
    Source code repository
    Repository name URI
    Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank) https://reproducibility.worldbank.org
    Software
    Name
    R
    Version
    4.5
    Name
    Python
    Version
    3.9
    Name
    MatLab
    Version
    2024b
    Name
    Julia
    Version
    1.12.5

    Reproducibility

    Technology environment

    Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:
    • OS: Microsoft Windows 11 Enterprise
    • Processor: INTEL(R) XEON(R) PLATINUM 8562Y+, 2800 Mhz, 16 Core(s), 16 Logical Processor(s)
    • Memory available: 128 GB
    Technology requirements

    Runtime: 10 minutes
    Reproduction instructions

    Run the following scripts in the exact order given, and the results will appear in the "figure_tables" folder. Please change the working directory as needed.

    1. Change the working directory to data_processing, then run data_extract1.jl.
    2. Keep the working directory as data_processing and run data_extract2.py in Python → Expects the input file data_raw/tariff_tiva25_2022.dta from Constantinescu 2025. This file is already included in the replication package.
    3. Keep the working directory as data_processing and run data_extract3.m .
    4. Keep the working directory as data_processing and run data_extract4.m.
    5. Change the working directory to model_code then run AO_Extended.x in Python, Julia, Matlab, or R (whichever you prefer, where x is the extension for the chosen language. You only need to run one of them; they will give identical results, subject to some minor precision loss. If you decide to use R, remember to change the line with the working directory to the current path. Note: replicators ran the code using the Julia option for step 5.
    6. Change the working directory to figures_tables, then run Exhibits.py in Python, and outputs will appear in the same folder.

    Data

    Datasets
    Name
    Inter-Country Input-Output tables (ICIO)
    Note
    There are two versions of ICIO: regular ICIO and extended ICIO. Authors use the 2025 edition (January 2026 update of regular ICIO). For this analysis, the authors use the latest year available: 2022. File location "data_raw/2022_SML.csv".
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.
    License
    Creative Commons Attribution BY 4.0 licence (CC BY 4.0)
    License URL
    https://www.oecd.org/en/about/terms-conditions.html
    Data URL
    https://www.oecd.org/en/data/datasets/inter-country-input-output-tables.html
    Citation
    OECD. 2025. "Inter-Country Input-Output tables (ICIO)". OECD TiVA database. [dataset]. https://www.oecd.org/en/data/datasets/inter-country-input-output-tables.html. Accessed March 2026.
    Name
    Processing Raw Tariffs into Comparable Tariff Indicators: A Methodological Note
    Note
    The dataset covers 199 countries and includes MFN and applied tariffs (ad valorem and specific) at the HS 6-digit level, sourced from UNCTAD TRAINS (via WITS). The original raw data exceeds 200 GB and is accessible only to World Bank staff via Cristina Constantinescu. This reproducibility package includes the processed intermediate data and the Stata scripts used to create it (R1_Nomenclature.do and R2_Aggregations.do). File location: data_raw/tariff_tiva25_2022.dta, which is the starting point of this reproducibility package.
    Access policy
    Data access was granted directly to the study authors by the data owners. It was obtained with a custom data license that does not allow for redistribution, and it is not included in the reproducibility package; however, intermediate data is included to allow full reproduction of the results.
    License
    Custom License
    Citation
    World Bank. Constantinescu, C. 2025. "Processing Raw Tariffs into Comparable Tariff Indicators: A Methodological Note" Mimeo: World Bank [dataset]. Accessed November 2025.
    Data statement

    Some data is restricted and has not been included in the reproducibility package. For more details, please refer to the README file.

    Description

    Output
    Type
    Working Paper
    Title
    International Trade Policy And Quantitative Models: A Practitioner’s Guide
    Description
    Policy Research Working Papers (PRWP) 11347
    URL
    http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099455303302627347
    Authors
    Author Affiliation Email
    Erhan Artuc World Bank eartuc@worldbank.org
    Johan Ortega World Bank jortegahernandez@worldbank.org
    Date of production

    2026-03-20

    Scope and coverage

    Geographic locations
    Location Code
    World WLD
    Keywords
    International Trade International Trade Policy
    Topics
    ID Topic Parent topic ID Vocabulary Vocabulary URI
    F11 Neoclassical Models of Trade F1 Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)
    F13 Trade Policy • International Trade Organizations F1 Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)

    Disclaimer

    Disclaimer

    The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.

    Access and rights

    License
    Name URI
    Modified BSD3 https://opensource.org/license/bsd-3-clause/

    Contacts

    Contacts
    Name Affiliation Email
    Erhan Artuc World Bank eartuc@worldbank.org
    Reproducibility WBG World Bank reproducibility@worldbank.org

    Information on metadata

    Producers
    Name Abbreviation Affiliation Role
    Reproducibility WBG DECDI World Bank - Development Impact Department Verification and preparation of metadata
    Date of Production

    2026-03-20
    Document version

    1

    Citation

    Citation
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