Reproducibility package for Impact Of Access To Irrigation On Agricultural Productivity: Evidence From Community-Led Lift Irrigation Schemes In India
Reference ID
RR_IND_2026_636
Author(s)
Wyatt Pracht, Jisang Yu, Felipe Dizon
Collections
Metadata
Created on
Jun 10, 2026
Last modified
Jun 11, 2026
Page views
19
Downloads
1
Overview
Abstract
Access to irrigation is one of the key factors in determining agricultural productivity. This paper investigates the impact of small-scale irrigation schemes on agricultural productivity in Jharkhand, India, measured by vegetation indices from satellite-based remote sensing data. Employing a modern staggered Difference-in-Differences estimator, we find that there is a positive and significant gain in vegetation of 7.4% to 21.4% from the installation of the irrigation scheme. Despite these gains, we find some evidence that the irrigation schemes are being underutilized to some degree. We also document considerable heterogeneity in treatment impacts based on the duration of treatment exposure, when pump installation occurred, and by season. Thus, the results of this study provide important insights on the potential of community owned and managed solar irrigation schemes to generate positive outcomes for program beneficiaries, without depleting existing groundwater resources.
Reproducibility Package
Scripts
File name
RR_IND_2026_636
Zip package
RR_IND_2026_636.zip
Title
Reproducibility package for Impact Of Access To Irrigation On Agricultural Productivity: Evidence From Community-Led Lift Irrigation Schemes In India
Date
2026-05
Dependencies
Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder.
Instructions
See README in reproducibility package.
Notes
Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.
Source code repository
| Repository name | URI |
|---|---|
| Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank) | https://reproducibility.worldbank.org |
Software
Name
Stata
Version
19.5 MP
Reproducibility
Technology environment
Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:
• OS: Windows 11 Enterprise
• Processor: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 5218 CPU @ 2.30GHz (2.30 GHz) (2 processors)
• Memory available: 8.15 GB
• Software version: Stata 19.5 MP
Technology requirements
Run time: ~2.5 hours.
Reproduction instructions
To reproduce the findings in this paper, a replicator must:
- Secure Access to Data: Access the datasets not included in the package. See the Datasets section for more details.
- Run the Package: Update the working directory in line 11 of the do-file
master_do_file, and run it.
Since all the original data cannot be redistributed, the package includes the outputs produced by the authors, which can be used to review the results presented in the paper.
Data
Datasets
Name
Jharkhand JOHAR Irrigation GPS Coordinates
Note
Data accessed in October 2023. The data includes information from the JOHAR project on the GPS coordinates of 491 pumps, their corresponding irrigation outlets, their dates of installation completion, the type of pump, and the command area’s size. The fully raw version of this data containing the GPS coordinates is restricted and not included in the reproducibility package. However, the anonymized version of this dataset is forthcoming in the World Bank Development Data Hub under a confidential license.
Access policy
Data access to raw data was granted directly to the study authors by the data owners/managers. The anonymized version of this dataset is forthcoming in the World Bank Development Data Hub under a confidential license.
License
Custom license
Data URL
Forthcoming at https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/int/home
Citation
JOHAR Project Management Unit. 2023. Jharkhand JOHAR Irrigation GPS Coordinates [dataset]. Forthcoming at https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/int/home
Name
Landsat 8-9 Operational Land Imager / Thermal Infrared Sensor Level-2, Collection 2
Note
Data accessed in November 2025. Source and indicators: The outcome variables, the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), were calculated using 30m resolution satellite imagery from the USGS Landsat 8 Level 2, Collection 2, Tier 1 data product. The authors employed the shapefile of GPS coordinates (from the JOHAR project) for irrigation pump sources and their associated outlet coordinates to extract this data. The anonymized versions of these datasets are forthcoming in the World Bank Development Data Hub under a confidential license.
Access policy
Data is forthcoming in the the World Bank Development Data Hub under a confidential license.
License
USGS Terms of Use
License URL
https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/LANDSAT_LC08_C02_T1_L2#terms-of-use
Data URL
Forthcoming at https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/int/home
Citation
Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center. 2020. Landsat 8-9 Operational Land Imager / Thermal Infrared Sensor Level-2, Collection 2 [dataset]. U.S. Geological Survey. https://doi.org/10.5066/P9OGBGM6. Accessed November 2025.
Name
CHIRPS Precipitation Pentad: Climate Hazards Center InfraRed Precipitation With Station Data
Note
Data accessed in November 2025. Source and indicator: The rainfall data comes from the CHIRPS Precipitation Pentad: Climate Hazards Center InfraRed Precipitation With Station Data (Version 2.0 Final), which includes cumulative rainfall estimates for the six pentads in each calendar month at a 0.05° resolution (roughly 5 km x 5 km). The authors employed the shapefile of GPS coordinates (from the JOHAR project) for irrigation pump sources and their associated outlet coordinates to extract this data. The anonymized versions of these datasets are forthcoming in the World Bank Development Data Hub under a confidential license.
Access policy
Data is forthcoming in the the World Bank Development Data Hub under a confidential license.
License
CHIRPS Precipitation Pentad Terms of Use
License URL
https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/UCSB-CHG_CHIRPS_PENTAD#terms-of-use
Data URL
Forthcoming at https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/int/home
Citation
Funk, Chris, Pete Peterson, Martin Landsfeld, Diego Pedreros, James Verdin, Shraddhanand Shukla, Gregory Husak, James Rowland, Laura Harrison, Andrew Hoell & Joel Michaelsen. 2015. "The climate hazards infrared precipitation with stations-a new environmental record for monitoring extremes". Scientific Data 2, 150066 [dataset]. doi:10.1038/sdata.2015.66. Accessed November 2025.
Name
ERA5-Land monthly averaged data from 1981 to present
Note
Data accessed in November 2025. Source and indicator: The temperature data come from the ERA5-Land Daily Aggregated - ECMWF Climate Reanalysis data product, a global climate reanalysis dataset from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. This data product provides daily minimum and maximum temperatures measured at 2m height. The authors employed the shapefile of GPS coordinates (from the JOHAR project) for irrigation pump sources and their associated outlet coordinates to extract this data. The anonymized versions of these datasets are forthcoming in the World Bank Development Data Hub under a confidential license. Data disclaimer: Contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service Information [2026]. Neither the European Commission nor ECMWF is responsible for any use that may be made of the Copernicus Information or Data it contains.
Access policy
Data is forthcoming in the the World Bank Development Data Hub under a confidential license.
License
ERA5-Land Daily Aggregated Terms of Use
License URL
https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/ECMWF_ERA5_LAND_DAILY_AGGR#terms-of-use
Data URL
Forthcoming at https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/int/home
Citation
Muñoz Sabater, J. 2019. ERA5-Land monthly averaged data from 1981 to present [dataset]. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). doi:10.24381/cds.68d2bb30. Accessed November 2025.
Name
New global hydrography derived from spaceborne elevation data
Note
Data accessed in November 2025. Source and indicator: The distance to the nearest free-flowing river variable comes from the WWF HydroSHEDS Free Flowing Rivers Network v1. The authors employed the shapefile of forthcoming GPS coordinates (from the JOHAR project) for irrigation pump sources and their associated outlet coordinates to extract this data. The anonymized versions of these datasets are forthcoming in the World Bank Development Data Hub under a confidential license. Additional citation: Grill, G., Lehner, B., Thieme, M., Geenen, B., Tickner, D., Antonelli, F., Babu, S., Borrelli, P., Cheng, L., Crochetiere, H. and Macedo, H.E., (2019). Mapping the world's free-flowing rivers [dataset]. Nature, 569(7755), p.215. Accessed November 2025.
Access policy
Data is forthcoming in the the World Bank Development Data Hub under a confidential license.
License
HydroSHEDS Data Terms of Use
License URL
https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/WWF_HydroSHEDS_v1_FreeFlowingRivers#terms-of-use
Data URL
Forthcoming at https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/int/home
Citation
Lehner, B., Verdin, K., Jarvis, A. 2008. New global hydrography derived from spaceborne elevation data [dataset]. Eos, Transactions, AGU, 89(10): 93-94. Accessed November 2025.
Name
Hole-filled Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) for the globe Version 4
Note
Data accessed in November 2025. Source and indicator: The elevation, slope, and the terrain ruggedness index variables are derived from the SRTM Digital Elevation V4 data product. The authors employed the shapefile of forthcoming GPS coordinates (from the JOHAR project) for irrigation pump sources and their associated outlet coordinates to extract this data. The anonymized versions of these datasets are forthcoming in the World Bank Development Data Hub under a confidential license. Data acknowledgement: Elevation data obtained from the CGIAR-CSI SRTM dataset provided by CIAT.
Access policy
Data is forthcoming in the the World Bank Development Data Hub under a confidential license.
License
SRTM Digital Elevation Data Version 4 Terms of Use
License URL
https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/CGIAR_SRTM90_V4#terms-of-use
Data URL
Forthcoming at https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/int/home
Citation
Jarvis, A., H.I. Reuter, A. Nelson, E. Guevara. 2008. Hole-filled Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) for the globe Version 4 [dataset]. Available from the CGIAR-CSI SRTM 90m Database: https://srtm.csi.cgiar.org. Accessed November 2025.
Data statement
All data is not yet publicly available but is expected to be made available through the World Bank Development Data Hub under a confidential license.
Description
Output
Type
Working Paper
Title
Impact Of Access To Irrigation On Agricultural Productivity: Evidence From Community-Led Lift Irrigation Schemes In India
Authors
Wyatt Pracht, Jisang Yu, and Felipe Dizon
Description
Policy Research Working Papers (PRWP)
Authors
| Author | Affiliation | |
|---|---|---|
| Wyatt Pracht | Kansas State University | wdpracht@ksu.edu |
| Jisang Yu | Korea University | yu.jisang@gmail.com |
| Felipe Dizon | World Bank | fdizon@worldbank.org |
Date of production
2026-05-05
Scope and coverage
Geographic locations
| Location | Code |
|---|---|
| India | IND |
Keywords
irrigation
productivity
Disclaimer
Disclaimer
The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.
Access and rights
License
| Name | URI |
|---|---|
| MIT License | https://opensource.org/license/mit |
| World Bank IGO Rider | https://github.com/worldbank/metadata-editor/blob/main/WB-IGO-RIDER.md |
Contacts
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | |
|---|---|---|
| Wyatt Pracht | Kansas State University | wdpracht@ksu.edu |
| Reproducibility WBG | World Bank | reproducibility@worldbank.org |
Information on metadata
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reproducibility WBG | DECDI | World Bank - Development Impact Department | Verification and preparation of metadata |
Date of Production
2026-05-05
Document version
1