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PRWP

Reproducibility package for A Global Incentive Scheme to Reduce Carbon Emissions

2024
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Reference ID
RR_WLD_2024_119
DOI
https://doi.org/10.60572/1t8z-6h45
Author(s)
Somik V. Lall, Raghuram Rajan, Christian Schoder
Collections
World Bank Policy Research Working Papers
Metadata
JSON
Created on
Apr 23, 2024
Last modified
May 15, 2025
  • Project Description
  • Downloads
  • Overview
  • Reproducibility Package
  • Description
  • Scope and coverage
  • Disclaimer
  • Access and rights
  • Contacts
  • Information on metadata
  • Citation
  • Overview

    Abstract

    This paper proposes an objective way of estimating and allocating “differentiated” responsibilities for carbon emissions across countries. These responsibilities translate into specific obligations and incentives for future emission reductions and support for adaptation, mitigation, and development. The proposals in this paper should be seen as a starting point for an informed and productive debate. Under the Global Carbon Reduction Incentive, every country that emits more than the per capita global average pays into a global incentive fund. This annual payment will be calculated based on the “excess” emissions per capita, the country’s population, and a dollar amount called the Global Carbon Incentive. Countries below the global per capita average would receive a payout commensurate with their “under-emission.” The United States and China are the two biggest emitters and, assuming a Global Carbon Incentive of $10, they jointly would contribute more than $70 billion to the fund, from which nations such as India, Nigeria, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Indonesia would be the major recipients. An important adjustment to the Global Carbon Reduction Incentive is to focus on consumption rather than production—a country should not avoid responsibility for the carbon it consumes by outsourcing production to another country. The proposal considers that countries that have used more of the collective carbon budget have benefited from the associated development and should pay for it. The proposal also considers methane emissions as well as crediting countries for their efforts toward preventing deforestation.

    Reproducibility Package

    Scripts
    Readme Get Reproducibility Package
    Link: https://reproducibility.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/130/download/347/README.pdf
    Reproducibility package for A Global Incentive Scheme to Reduce Carbon Emissions
    Title
    Reproducibility package for A Global Incentive Scheme to Reduce Carbon Emissions
    Date
    2024-04
    Dependencies
    tidyverse, writexl, zoo, plm, stargazer, readxl, wooldridge, countrycode. Instructions to reproduce the reviewers environment using "renv" and RStudio are included in the README.
    Instructions
    See README in reproducibility package.
    Notes
    Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DIME) Analytics team, World Bank.
    Source code repository
    Repository name URI
    Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank) https://reproducibility.worldbank.org
    Software
    R
    Name
    R
    Version
    4.3.2

    Reproducibility

    Technology environment

    Paper exhibits were reproduced in a computer with these specifications:
    – OS: Windows 11 Enterprise
    – Processor: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-1145G7 CPU @ 2.60GHz
    – Memory available: 15.7 GB
    – Software version: R version 4.3.2

    Technology requirements

    Runtime: 5 minutes

    Data

    Datasets
    Our World In Data - CO2 emissions
    Name
    Our World In Data - CO2 emissions
    Note
    CO2 emissions data by country and year for 1950-2020. Data was accessed on January 2022. Data file: owid-co2-data.csv.
    Access policy
    Data is public and included in the reproducibility package.
    Data URL
    https://ourworldindata.org/co2-emissions
    World Development Indicators by the World Bank
    Name
    World Development Indicators by the World Bank
    Note
    Yearly development indicators by country for 1960-2020. Data for 1,443 indicators was accessed on December 2021. Data file: WDIData.csv
    Access policy
    Data is public and included in the reproducibility package.
    Data URL
    https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators
    Mean precipitation and temperature data from the Climate Change Knowledge Portal
    Name
    Mean precipitation and temperature data from the Climate Change Knowledge Portal
    Note
    Decade mean precipitation and temperature data by country for 1990-2000. Data was accessed on February 2022. Data file: Mean_pr_tmp.xlsx
    Access policy
    Data is public and included in the reproducibility package.
    Data URL
    https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/sub-page-types/country-summary/climate-data-historical-1
    Average latitude and longitude country coordinates by Patrice Ferlet
    Name
    Average latitude and longitude country coordinates by Patrice Ferlet
    Note
    Data was accessed on June 2021. Data file: country-coord.csv
    Access policy
    Data is public and included in the reproducibility package.
    Data URL
    https://gist.github.com/metal3d/5b925077e66194551df949de64e910f6
    Global Forest Resources Assessment 2010 by FAO and the UN
    Name
    Global Forest Resources Assessment 2010 by FAO and the UN
    Note
    Variable used: Carbon stock in living forest biomass, per hectare (2010, tonnes). Data was accessed on July 2022. Data file: Carbon content.xlsx
    Access policy
    Data is public and included in the reproducibility package.
    Data URL
    https://www.fao.org/forest-resources-assessment/past-assessments/fra-2010/en/
    Data statement

    All data used are public and included in the reproducibility package.

    Description

    Output
    A Global Incentive Scheme to Reduce Carbon Emissions
    Type
    Working paper
    Title
    A Global Incentive Scheme to Reduce Carbon Emissions
    Description
    Policy Research Working Paper (PRWP) WPS10759
    URL
    http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099441104252417894
    DOI
    https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-10759
    Authors
    Author Affiliation Email
    Somik V. Lall World Bank slall1@worldbank.org
    Raghuram Rajan University of Chicago Raghuram.Rajan@chicagobooth.edu
    Christian Schoder World Bank cschoder@worldbank.org
    Date of production

    2024-02

    Scope and coverage

    Geographic locations
    Location Code
    World WLD

    Disclaimer

    Disclaimer

    The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.

    Access and rights

    License
    Name URI
    Modified BSD3 https://opensource.org/license/bsd-3-clause/

    Contacts

    Contacts
    Name Affiliation Email
    Christian Schoder World Bank cschoder@worldbank.org
    Reproducibility WBG World Bank reproducibility@worldbank.org

    Information on metadata

    Producers
    Name Abbreviation Affiliation Role
    Reproducibility WBG DIME World Bank - Development Impact Department Verification and preparation of metadata
    Date of Production

    2024-04-10

    Document version

    1

    Citation

    Citation
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