Reproducibility package for Behaviorally Informed Messages Boost COVID-19 Vaccination Intentions: Global Insights from a Meta-Analysis with 23 Countries and Territories

During the COVID-19 pandemic, low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) struggled with lower vaccination rates compared to wealthier countries, posing challenges to reducing virus transmission,
mitigating healthcare system pressures, and promoting economic recovery. Communications campaigns offer low-cost opportunities to overcome such challenges by strengthening vaccine confidence and intentions to get vaccinated, but empirical testing is needed to identify which messages will be most effective in different contexts. To support policymaking efforts to rapidly design effective communication during the pandemic, a global research program of 28 online experiments was conducted by recruiting respondents (N = 123,270) through social media between January 2021 and June 2022 across 23 mostly low and middle-income countries and territories. This individual participant data meta-analysis summarizes the results of this research program testing the impact of behaviorally informed messaging on vaccine intentions. Results from the meta-analysis show that, among unvaccinated survey respondents, behaviorally informed messages significantly increased the odds of vaccination intention by 1.28 times overall and up to 1.93 times in individual studies (safety messages in Papua New Guinea). Significant pooled effects of specific framings ranged from increasing vaccination intentions by 1.16 times (variant framing) to 1.45 times (experts and religious leaders framing). This research underscores the importance of communication tailored to address different drivers of vaccine hesitancy and offers insights for handling future health crises with behavioral communication strategies leveraging rapid insights afforded by social media.