Reproducibility package for The Rising Concentration of Foreign Direct Investment

2024

Get Reproducibility Package

Reference ID

RR_WLD_2024_164

DOI

https://doi.org/10.60572/x8s7-cw78

Author(s)

Alexandros Ragoussis, Davide Rigo, Gianluca Santoni

Collections

World Bank Policy Research Working Papers

Metadata

JSON

Created on

Aug 12, 2024

Last modified

Aug 13, 2024

Overview

Abstract

Using two decades of granular data on foreign direct investments, this study shows a consistent global rise in the concentration of cross-border investments within fewer multinational firms. This concentration is most prominent in developing economies, reaching record highs in recent years. Structural shifts into services do not stand out as the primary driver of variation in investment concentration across countries and over time. Instead, concentration has grown significantly more in destinations facing high economic uncertainty.

Reproducibility Package

Scripts

Readme Get Reproducibility Package

Link: https://reproducibility.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/174/download/486/README.pdf

Reproducibility package (partial data and code) for The Rising Concentration of Foreign Direct Investment

Title

Reproducibility package (partial data and code) for The Rising Concentration of Foreign Direct Investment

Date

2024-08

Dependencies

All dependencies are stored in the ado folder.

Instructions

See README in reproducibility package.

Notes

Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DIME) Analytics team, World Bank.

Source code repository

Repository name	URI
Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)	https://reproducibility.worldbank.org

Software

Stata

Name

Stata

Version

18 MP

Reproducibility

Technology environment

Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:
• OS: Windows 10 Enterprise
• Processor: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6226R CPU @ 2.90GHz, 2900 Mhz, 16 Core(s), 16 Logical Processor(s)
• Memory available: 147 GB
• Software version: Stata 18 MP

Technology requirements

~20 minutes runtime

Reproduction instructions

The replication of the package was conducted using licensed data directly provided by the authors. Currently, the reproducibility package contains code and partial data, but it will not execute without the data from the licensed sources. The first step to run the package is to acquire the data from the three proprietary sources and save the data in the folders mentioned in the data entries and README file. Additionally, both the code and outputs are shared to demonstrate the process the authors followed to achieve their findings.

Data

Datasets

World Bank national accounts data

Name

World Bank national accounts data

Note

Source: World Bank. Located at: input/deflators_1960-2022.dta

Access policy

Published with the package

Data URL

https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.DEFL.ZS?locations=US

EU Members Data

Name

EU Members Data

Note

Internal compilation based on EU27 member states plus the United Kingdom. Located at: input/eu_members.dta

Access policy

Published with the package

Gravity Data

Name

Gravity Data

Note

Source: CEPII Gravity Database. Located at: input/gravity

Access policy

Published with the package

Data URL

http://www.cepii.fr/cepii/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=8

International Financial Statistics

Name

International Financial Statistics

Note

Source: International Monetary Fund (IMF). Located at: input/IFS_10-12-2023_14-30-09-97_timeSeries.csv

Access policy

Published with the package

Data URL

https://data.imf.org/?sk=4c514d48-b6ba-49ed-8ab9-52b0c1a0179b

Industry Labels Data

Name

Industry Labels Data

Note

Internal compilation based on standard industry classifications. Located at: input/ind_labels.dta

Access policy

Published with the package

World Development Indicators

Name

World Development Indicators

Note

Source: World Bank. Located at: input/P_Data_Extract_From_World_Development_Indicators_Service_share_gdp.xlsx and input/data/wb_income_hist_2023.dta. Indicator: Services, value added (% of GDP) [NV.SRV.TOTL.ZS]

Access policy

Published with the package

Data URL

https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators

Penn World Table

Name

Penn World Table

Note

Source: Penn World Table (PWT) 10.0. Located at: input/pwt1001.dta

Access policy

Published with the package

Data URL

https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/productivity/pwt/

World Uncertainty Index

Name

World Uncertainty Index

Note

Source: World Uncertainty Index Located at: input/WUI_Data.xlsx

Access policy

Published with the package

Data URL

https://worlduncertaintyindex.com/data/

EU KLEMS - National Accounts

Name

EU KLEMS - National Accounts

Note

Source: Luiss Lab of European Economics at Luiss University in Rome. Located at: input/euklems_data.dta. The Stata version can be downloaded from the ‘National accounts’ column in the following link.

Access policy

Published with the package

Data URL

https://euklems-intanprod-llee.luiss.it

Crosswalk ISIC from NAICS

Name

Crosswalk ISIC from NAICS

Note

Source: Authors compilation based on International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) and North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS). Located at: input/crosswalk_naics2d_to_isic1d.dta

Access policy

Published with the package

Data URL

https://unstats.un.org/unsd/publication/seriesm/seriesm_4rev4e.pdf, https://www.census.gov/naics/

International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC)

Name

International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC)

Note

Source: United Nations. Located at: input/acq_industry_key_isic4.dta. Authors compilation with information from the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) Rev 4.0.

Access policy

Published with the package

Data URL

https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/search

World Bank Country Classifications

Name

World Bank Country Classifications

Note

Source: Internal compilation based on World Bank Country Classifications Located at: input/data/countryname_fullconcordance2022.dta

Access policy

Published with the package

Data URL

https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups?_gl=1*1gpl6sy*_gcl_au*ODg0Mzk5NzYxLjE3MjI4OTAzMDQ

Greenfield FDI Data

Name

Greenfield FDI Data

Note

Source: Financial Times fDi Markets database. Located at: input/data/fdi_markets_2023_raw.dta

Access policy

Licensed and not included in the reproducibility package

Data URL

https://www.fdimarkets.com/

M&A Data

Name

M&A Data

Note

Source: Thomson Reuters Refinitiv database Located at: input/MA_2022_raw.dta

Access policy

Licensed and not included in the reproducibility package

Data URL

https://www.lseg.com/en/data-analytics/search/datastream-macroeconomic-analysis?utm_content=Brand%20Product-US-G-EN-Phrase&utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=748912_DatastreamBrandProductPaidSearch2023&elqCampaignId=20650&utm_term=thomson%20datastream%20database&gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAjw_Na1BhAlEiwAM-dm7JRV9_O8Xj2SeiD4HxW-T2UBooOlsvcfIlqde9mjo05j1TSnS4gGJRoCrqYQAvD_BwE&gclsrc=aw.ds

Worldscope

Name

Worldscope

Note

Source: Thomson Reuters Worldscope Global Database Located at: input/worldscope_naics_revenue_top5.xlsx

Access policy

Licensed and not included in the reproducibility package

Data URL

Data statement

Some data is confidential and has not been included in the reproducibility package. For more details, please refer to the README file.

Description

Output

The Rising Concentration of Foreign Direct Investment

Type

Working Paper

Title

The Rising Concentration of Foreign Direct Investment

Authors

Alexandros Ragoussis, Davide Rigo, Gianluca Santoni

Description

Policy Research Working Paper (PRWP) 10815

URL

http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099414106242431322/IDU1e54dc5941f94514f8e1ad111ba1e6ee0513d

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-10815

Authors

Author	Affiliation	Email
Alexandros Ragoussis	World Bank	aragoussis@ifc.org
Davide Rigo	London School of Economics	D.Rigo@lse.ac.uk
Gianluca Santoni	Centre for Prospective Studies and International Information (CEPPI)	gianluca.santoni@cepii.fr

Date of production

2024-06

Scope and coverage

Geographic locations

Location	Code
World	WLD

Keywords

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Concentration Development Uncertainty

Topics

ID	Topic	Parent topic ID	Vocabulary
F63	Economic Development	F6	Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)
L16	Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics: Industrial Structure and Structural Change • Industrial Price Indices	L1	Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)
O24	Trade Policy • Factor Movement Policy • Foreign Exchange Policy	O2	Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)

Disclaimer

The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.

Access and rights

License

Name	URI
Modified BSD3	https://opensource.org/license/bsd-3-clause/

Contacts

Name	Affiliation	Email
Alexandros Ragoussis	World Bank	aragoussis@ifc.org
Reproducibility WBG	World Bank	reproducibility@worldbank.org

Information on metadata

Producers

Name	Abbreviation	Affiliation	Role
Reproducibility WBG	DIME	World Bank - Development Impact Department	Verification and preparation of metadata

Date of Production

2024-08-07

Document version

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