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Reproducibility package for The Global Findex 2025: Financial Inclusion And Connectivity And In The Digital Economy

2025
Get Reproducibility Package
Reference ID
FR_WLD_2025_361
DOI
https://doi.org/10.60572/rvnp-6q76
Author(s)
Alexandra Norris, Leora Klapper, Dorothe Singer, Laura Starita
Collections
Flagships and Reports
Metadata
JSON
Created on
Jun 30, 2025
Last modified
Jul 21, 2025
  • Overview
  • Reproducibility Package
  • Description
  • Scope and coverage
  • Disclaimer
  • Access and rights
  • Contacts
  • Information on metadata
  • Citation

    • Overview

    Abstract

    Financial inclusion is a cornerstone of development, and since 2011, the Global Findex Database has been the definitive source of data on global access to financial services from payments to savings and borrowing. The 2025 edition, based on national representative surveys across 140 economies contains updated indicators on access to and use of formal and informal financial services and digital payments, and offers insights into the behaviors that enable financial resilience. The data also identify gaps in access to and usage of financial services by women and poor adults. New data in 2024 was collected on ownership of mobile phones and the use of the internet, including for connectivity, information, and earning income.

    Reproducibility Package

    Scripts
    Get Reproducibility Package
    Title
    Reproducibility package for The Global Findex 2025: Financial Inclusion And Connectivity And In The Digital Economy
    Date
    2025-07
    Dependencies
    R dependencies are listed in the file renv.lock.
    Instructions
    See README in reproducibility package.
    Notes
    Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DIME) Analytics team, World Bank.
    Source code repository
    Repository name URI
    Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank) https://reproducibility.worldbank.org
    Software
    Name
    R
    Version
    4.4.2

    Reproducibility

    Technology environment

    Paper exhibits were reproduced in a computer with the following specifications:
    • OS: Windows 11 Enterprise, version 21H2
    • Processor: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6226R CPU @ 2.90GHz, 16 Core(s)
    • Memory available: 1.64 TB
    • Software version: R 4.4.2
    Technology requirements

    ~4 hours runtime
    Reproduction instructions

    Respondent-level deidentified data will be published on the Microdata Library. However, the code uses restricted raw data that is not included in the reproducibility package; as a result, users will not be able to fully replicate the analysis. The outputs generated by the code can be found in the "Outputs" folder.

    Data

    Datasets
    Name
    The Global Findex Database
    Note
    Source: World Bank Filenames: World_Bank_032125.csv, Findex Module Mapping 2024.xlsx, strataharmonize_11202012.csv. Country-level aggregated data will soon be made available on World Bank Microdata Library.
    Access policy
    There is no documented way to access the data, and it is not included in the reproducibility package.
    Data URL
    Forthcoming at https://microdata.worldbank.org/
    Name
    World Development Indicators
    Note
    Source: World Bank Filename: Final WDI.xlsx. Data for Taiwan and China is not available via the API and was obtained directly from the WDI team (wdi@worldbank.org). For data on all other economies and the list of indicators, please refer to the README for details.
    Access policy
    Data access requires purchase or human approval and is not included in the reproducibility package.
    Data URL
    https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators
    Data statement

    All data is not yet publicly available. A deidentified version of the data is expected to be made available through the World Bank Microdata Library in the future.

    Description

    Output
    Type
    World Bank Reports & Flagships
    Title
    The Global Findex 2025: Financial Inclusion And Connectivity And In The Digital Economy
    Description
    World Bank Reports & Flagships
    DOI
    https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstreams/9288bdc5-7a9b-42de-a47c-3746fd68f22a/download
    Authors
    Author Affiliation Email
    Alexandra Norris World Bank anorris2@worldbank.org
    Leora Klapper World Bank lklapper@worldbank.org
    Dorothe Singer World Bank dsinger@worldbank.org
    Laura Starita STC starita@forgeandrefine.com
    Date of production

    2025-06-30

    Scope and coverage

    Geographic locations
    Location Code
    World WLD
    Keywords
    Financial Inclusion Household Finance Digital Financial Services Gender
    Topics
    ID Topic Parent topic ID Vocabulary Vocabulary URI
    D14 Household Saving • Personal Finance D1 Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)
    G28 Government Policy and Regulation G2 Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)
    O12 Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development O1 Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)
    J16 Economics of Gender • Non-labor Discrimination J1 Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)

    Disclaimer

    Disclaimer

    The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.

    Access and rights

    License
    Name URI
    Modified BSD3 https://opensource.org/license/bsd-3-clause/

    Contacts

    Contacts
    Name Affiliation Email
    Alexandra Norris World Bank anorris2@worldbank.org
    Reproducibility WBG World Bank reproducibility@worldbank.org

    Information on metadata

    Producers
    Name Abbreviation Affiliation Role
    Reproducibility WBG DIME World Bank - Development Impact Department Verification and preparation of metadata
    Date of Production

    2025-06-30
    Document version

    1

    Citation

    Citation
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