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Reproducibility package for Due Diligence In Supply Chains: The Case Of The EUDR

2025
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Reference ID
RR_WLD_2025_387
DOI
https://doi.org/10.60572/0aaa-gw31
Author(s)
Iryna Sikora, Shane Sela, Melvin Spreij
Collections
Flagships and Reports
Metadata
JSON
Created on
Jul 16, 2025
Last modified
Jul 16, 2025
  • Overview
  • Reproducibility Package
  • Description
  • Scope and coverage
  • Disclaimer
  • Access and rights
  • Contacts
  • Information on metadata
  • Citation

    • Overview

    Abstract

    The European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) significantly shifts international trade governance by introducing due diligence for commodities linked to deforestation. While aimed at enhancing global environmental sustainability and reducing the European Union’s (EU’s) ecological footprint, the EUDR places the burden of compliance on developing economies that depend heavily on agricultural exports. Smallholder farmers and small and medium enterprises (SMEs) face the largest hurdles related to traceability, compliance costs, and data-sharing constraints, often lacking the technological and institutional infrastructure to meet EUDR requirements. Certain countries are particularly vulnerable due not only to their heavy reliance on the E.U. market but also having fragmented value chains with many smallholder producers and unstructured middlemen. Yet, with coordinated support, policy reform, and investments in digital infrastructure and capacity building, the EUDR also offers opportunities to elevate sustainability standards and secure potentially more lucrative and long-term market access. International cooperation and tailored national responses will be critical to ensure that no country is left behind in the transition to more sustainable trade.

    Reproducibility Package

    Scripts
    Get Reproducibility Package
    Title
    Reproducibility package for Due Diligence In Supply Chains: The Case Of The EUDR
    Date
    2025-07
    Dependencies
    Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder.
    Instructions
    See README in reproducibility package.
    Notes
    Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DIME) Analytics team, World Bank.
    Source code repository
    Repository name URI
    Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank) https://reproducibility.worldbank.org
    Software
    Name
    Stata
    Version
    StataNow 18.5 MP-Parallel Edition

    Reproducibility

    Technology environment

    Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:
    • OS: Windows 11 Enterprise, version 23H2
    • Processor: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8562Y+ 2.80 GHz (2 processors)
    • Memory available: 32.0 GB
    • Software version: StataNow 18.5 MP-Parallel Edition
    Technology requirements

    Runtime: 10 minutes.
    Reproduction instructions
    1. Acquire the data for UN Comtrade from the World Integrated Trade solution site.
    2. Save the data using the file names specified in the README in the folder "Data".
    3. Change the directory path in the do-file "eudr_note" and run the script.
      Given that full access to the reproducibility package data might be challenging for some users due to one dataset not being included in the reproducibility, we are including the code outputs generated by the code reviewers in the reproducibility verification of this reproducibility package. These are in the folder "Output".

    Data

    Datasets
    Name
    UN Comtrade
    Note
    Data was accessed through a query on the UN COMTRADE database executed through World Integrated Trade Solution of the World Bank (https://wits.worldbank.org/). The README contains more information on how to reproduce the exact data queries; data for exports and imports by product were stored separately by year, and data for aggregated (all products) trade flows were stored in a single file. Data files for import data: "2018.csv", "2019.csv", "2020.csv", "2021.csv", "2022.csv", "2023.csv". Data files for export data: "2018e.csv", "2019e.csv", "2020e.csv", "2021e.csv", "2022e.csv", "2023e.csv". Data for aggregated trade flows: "TME.csv". Data was accessed in March 2025. The reviewers attempted to verify whether the publicly available version of the data matched the one used in the original analysis, but found that the public version had since been updated and has some differences from the version used by the authors. SHA256 hashes for the datasets are included in the reproducibility package for verification purposes.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available but does not allow redistribution.
    License URL
    https://comtrade.un.org/licenseagreement.html
    Data URL
    https://wits.worldbank.org/
    Name
    World Development Indicators
    Note
    Source: World Bank. Data was manually selected in the data URL for the countries included in the study for the years 2018-2023. Indicator used: GDP (current US$) (NY.GDP.MKTP.CD). Data file: "GDP 2018-2023.xlsx", tab: "WB data". Data was accessed in March 2025.
    Access policy
    Data is public and included in the reproducibility package.
    License
    Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY 4.0) with the additional terms of the License URL
    License URL
    https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/legal/terms-of-use-for-datasets
    Data URL
    https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators
    Name
    World Economic Outlook Database
    Note
    Source: International Monetary Fund. Data was manually selected for the WEO 2024 in the URL: https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/October/select-country-group, for the economies: Eritrea, Bhutan, South Sudan, Taiwan, and Venezuela, for the years 2018-2023. Indicator used: GDP (current US$) (NY.GDP.MKTP.CD). Data file: "GDP 2018-2023.xlsx", tab: "IMF". Data was accessed in March 2025.
    Access policy
    Data is public and included in the reproducibility package.
    License URL
    https://www.imf.org/en/About/copyright-and-terms#data
    Data URL
    https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/
    Name
    World Bank Country and Lending Groups
    Note
    Source World Bank. Data was downloaded from the data URL, imported to Stata, and saved into the file "ISO_Region_Income.dta". Data was accessed in March 2025.
    Access policy
    Data is public and included in the reproducibility package.
    License
    Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY 4.0) with the additional terms of the License URL
    License URL
    https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/legal/terms-of-use-for-datasets
    Data URL
    https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups
    Data statement

    Data is not redistributable but is freely downloadable (accessible data).

    Description

    Output
    Type
    Prosperity Insight Note
    Title
    Due Diligence In Supply Chains: The Case Of The EUDR
    Authors
    Author Affiliation Email
    Iryna Sikora World Bank isikora@worldbank.org
    Shane Sela World Bank ssela@worldbank.org
    Melvin Spreij World Bank mspreij@worldbank.org
    Date of production

    2025-07-14

    Scope and coverage

    Geographic locations
    Location Code
    World WLD

    Disclaimer

    Disclaimer

    The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.

    Access and rights

    License
    Name URI
    Modified BSD3 https://opensource.org/license/bsd-3-clause/

    Contacts

    Contacts
    Name Affiliation Email
    Iryna Sikora World Bank isikora@worldbank.org
    Reproducibility WBG World Bank reproducibility@worldbank.org

    Information on metadata

    Producers
    Name Abbreviation Affiliation Role
    Reproducibility WBG DIME World Bank - Development Impact Department Verification and preparation of metadata
    Date of Production

    2025-07-14
    Document version

    1

    Citation

    Citation
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