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PRWP

Reproducibility package for Measuring Job Accessibility: Different Methods And New Data

2025
Get Reproducibility Package
Reference ID
RR_MDG_2025_389
Author(s)
Atsushi Iimi
Collections
World Bank Policy Research Working Papers
Metadata
JSON
Created on
Jul 25, 2025
Last modified
Jul 25, 2025
  • Overview
  • Reproducibility Package
  • Description
  • Scope and coverage
  • Disclaimer
  • Access and rights
  • Contacts
  • Information on metadata

    • Overview

    Abstract

    The paper reexamines how to measure job accessibility in environments with limited data availability and applies different methods to Antananarivo, the capital of Madagascar. Job creation and accessibility are attracting renewed interest in developing countries, where unemployment rates remain persistently high. The paper finds two types of job accessibility measures that particularly impact on employment: proximity to public transport and average travel time weighted by available job opportunities. For the latter, the paper also finds that new open-source data, such as the Open Buildings dataset, is effective in identifying existing job opportunities. Using the measured results, the marginal impact of job accessibility on employment is estimated at about -0.05 to -0.06 after the potential endogeneity of accessibility measures is controlled.

    Reproducibility Package

    Scripts
    Get Reproducibility Package
    Title
    Reproducibility package for Measuring Job Accessibility: Different Methods And New Data
    Date
    2025-07
    Dependencies
    Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder.
    Instructions
    See README in reproducibility package.
    Notes
    Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact Analytics team, World Bank.
    Source code repository
    Repository name URI
    Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank) https://reproducibility.worldbank.org
    Software
    Name
    ArcGIS
    Version
    ArcGIS Desktop 10.8.1
    Name
    Stata
    Version
    18.5

    Reproducibility

    Technology environment

    The ArcGIS data processing was produced on a computer with the following specifications:
    – OS: Windows 11 Enterprise, version 23H2
    – Processor: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-114567 @2.60GHz 1.50GHz
    – Memory available: 15.7 GB
    – Software version: ArcGIS Desktop 10.8.1

    The Stata outputs were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:

    • OS: Windows 11 Enterprise, version 23H2
    • Processor: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8562Y+ 2.80 GHz (2 processors)
    • Memory available: 32.0 GB
    • Software version: Stata (StataNow) 18.5 MP-Parallel Edition
    Technology requirements

    Runtime of the ArcGIS data processing: 4 hours.
    Runtime of the Stata code: 10 minutes.
    Reproduction instructions

    Some datasets included in this reproducibility package are restricted due to the presence of personally identifiable information (PII), and therefore cannot be accessed. As a result, users will be unable to execute the ArcGIS data processing component of the package. However, the package provides all redistributable data used by the ArcGIS data processing, along with ArcGIS history logs that document the data processing steps. A high-level overview of the ArcGIS data processing is also available in the README. Additionally, the package contains the do-file and its corresponding log ("compiling_spatial_data.do" and "compiling_spatial_data_2025july19.txt"), which compiles all geospatial analysis results into the intermediate dataset "spatial_data.dta". This intermediate dataset does not contain any PII and is included in the reproducibility package.

    Starting from this intermediate data, users can reproduce partial results for figures 3–7 and tables 1–6 by following the instructions provided below:

    1. Secure Access to Data: Access the dataset Measuring Urban Living Standards in Antananarivo 2016, not included in the package. See subsection Datasets and the README for more details.
    2. Download and Place Data: Paste the data in the folder "reproducibility-package".
    3. Run the code:
      • Update the global path in line 11 of "Tana_Access_vs_Firms_2025feb24_OpenData.do" to your current folder location
      • Run the do-file

    Data

    Datasets
    Name
    Measuring Urban Living Standards in Antananarivo 2016
    Note
    Source: World Bank. Data file: s1_hhroster.dta. Data was accessed in November 2017. Citation: The World Bank. (2017). Measuring Urban Living Standards in Antananarivo 2016 [Data set]. World Bank, Development Data Group. https://doi.org/10.48529/P1AF-6H23
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available but does not allow redistribution.
    License
    Direct access
    License URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/terms-of-use#direct_access
    Data URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/2926
    Name
    Measuring Urban Living Standards in Antananarivo 2016 - Households location
    Note
    Source: World Bank. Data file: TanaLSMS2016_HH_locations_proj.shp. Data was accessed in October 2017. The data contains personally identifiable information and it is not accessible.
    Access policy
    There is no documented way to access the data, and it is not included in the reproducibility package.
    Name
    Open Buildings 2.5D Temporal Dataset (Sirko et al., 2021)
    Note
    Source: Google Research. Data was filtered for the area of Antananarivo, and cell centroids (from a grid of 200m x 200m) were generated. Data file: Tana_Cell_200m_centrid.shp. Data was accessed in March 2025.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.
    License
    Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY-4.0)
    License URL
    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    Data URL
    http://sites.research.google/gr/open-buildings/
    Name
    Global 30 Arc-Second Elevation (GTOPO30)
    Note
    Source: United States Geological Survey. Data file: elev_m.shp Data was filtered for Antananarivo and saved in the shapefile elev_m.zip. Data was accessed in February 2017. Digital Object Identifier (DOI) number: /10.5066/F7DF6PQS
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.
    License URL
    https://www.usgs.gov/information-policies-and-instructions/copyrights-and-credits
    Data URL
    https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eros/science/usgs-eros-archive-digital-elevation-global-30-arc-second-elevation-gtopo30
    Name
    WorldClim
    Note
    Source: WorldClim. Data files: temp_jan.shp, prec_jan.shp. Average monthly temperatures and precipitation for January and the city of Antananarivo were estimated for 1960-1990 and saved in the files temp_jan.shp and prec_jan.shp. Data was accessed in March 2017. Citation: Fick, S.E. and R.J. Hijmans, 2017. WorldClim 2: new 1km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology 37 (12): 4302-4315.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available but does not allow redistribution.
    License URL
    https://www.worldclim.org/about.html
    Data URL
    https://worldclim.org/
    Name
    OpenStreetMap
    Note
    Source: OpenStreetMap. Data files: ALL_Suburban_Bus_OSM.shp. Data file: ALL_City_Buses.shp. Data was filtered for Antananarivo, and for the line objects containing suburban bus lines (ALL_Suburban_Bus_OSM.shp) and taxibe bus lines (ALL_City_Buses.shp). Data was accessed in December 2018.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.
    License
    Open Data Commons Open Database License (ODbL)
    License URL
    https://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/
    Data URL
    https://www.openstreetmap.org/
    Name
    City Land Use for the Master Plan Formulation for Economic Axis of TaToM (Tananarive-Toamasina, Madagascar)
    Note
    Source: Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). The data was shared by JICA’s team working on the Master Plan Formulation report. The data shared consists of the underlying data for Figure 4.1.5 report. The report is available at https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/12340725_01.pdf. Data was accessed in October 2018.
    License
    Data access requires human approval and is not included in the reproducibility package.
    Data statement

    Some data is restricted and has not been included in the reproducibility package. For more details, please refer to the README file.

    Description

    Output
    Type
    Working Paper
    Title
    Measuring Job Accessibility: Different Methods And New Data
    Description
    Policy Research Working Papers (PRWP)
    Authors
    Author Affiliation Email
    Atsushi Iimi World Bank Group aiimi@worldbank.org
    Date of production

    2025-07-23

    Scope and coverage

    Geographic locations
    Location Code
    Madagascar MDG
    Keywords
    Access To Jobs Job Creation Probit Model
    Topics
    ID Topic Parent topic ID Vocabulary Vocabulary URI
    C25 Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models • Discrete Regressors • Proportions • Probabilities C2 Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)
    J08 Labor Economics Policies J0 Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)
    O14 Industrialization • Manufacturing and Service Industries • Choice of Technology O1 Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)
    O18 Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis • Housing • Infrastructure O1 Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)

    Disclaimer

    Disclaimer

    The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.

    Access and rights

    License
    Name URI
    Modified BSD3 https://opensource.org/license/bsd-3-clause/

    Contacts

    Contacts
    Name Affiliation Email
    Atsushi Iimi World Bank Group aiimi@worldbank.org
    Reproducibility WBG World Bank reproducibility@worldbank.org

    Information on metadata

    Producers
    Name Abbreviation Affiliation Role
    Reproducibility WBG DIME World Bank - Development Impact Department Verification and preparation of metadata
    Date of Production

    2025-07-23
    Document version

    1
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