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Reproducibility package for Management And Misallocation In Mexico

2025
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Reference ID
PP_MEX_2025_412
DOI
https://doi.org/10.60572/a3a4-pb82
Author(s)
Leonardo Iacovone, Nicholas Bloom, Mariana Pereira-López, John Van Reenen
Collections
Journal articles
Metadata
JSON
Created on
Aug 22, 2025
Last modified
Sep 24, 2025
  • Project Description
  • Downloads
  • Overview
  • Reproducibility Package
  • Description
  • Scope and coverage
  • Disclaimer
  • Access and rights
  • Contacts
  • Information on metadata
  • Citation
  • Overview

    Abstract

    Developing countries exhibit a substantial productivity gap with the US. Differences in management practices are often cited as a crucial contributing factor. Through the implementation of the first comprehensive management survey in Mexico, we find both a large average management gap with the US, and far greater misallocation. Mexico shows a weaker correlation between firm-size and management than the US, particularly in its highly distorted service sector. One apparent driver is the smaller Mexican product markets. The size-management relationship is weakest in the service sector in low population density regions and in the manufacturing sector in regions furthest from US markets. Another apparent driver is weaker institutions, measured by contract enforcement, crime, corruption, and informality, which are also associated with weaker size-management relationships. These results suggest that such frictions reduce aggregate Mexican management quality and productivity.

    Reproducibility Package

    Scripts
    Readme Get Reproducibility Package
    Link: https://reproducibility.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/319/download/971/README.pdf
    Reproducibility package for Management And Misallocation In Mexico
    File name
    PP_MEX_2025_412
    Zip package
    PP_MEX_2025_412.zip
    Title
    Reproducibility package for Management And Misallocation In Mexico
    Date
    2025-08
    Dependencies
    Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder.
    Instructions
    See README in reproducibility package.
    Notes
    Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.
    Source code repository
    Repository name URI
    Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank) https://reproducibility.worldbank.org
    Software
    Stata
    Name
    Stata
    Version
    18 MP

    Reproducibility

    Technology requirements

    ~ 90 minutes reported run time

    Reproduction instructions

    This reproducibility package relies on restricted data. Users will have to contact the data provider to obtain data access, and they will not be able to run the package until the data is obtained.

    Since restricted data is not included in the package, the outputs produced by replicators are provided in the “Outputs” folder. The outputs generated by the statistical office using the restricted data are included in the “Original results statistical office” folder.

    Data

    Datasets
    National Survey on Productivity and Competitiveness of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (ENAPROCE) 2015
    Name
    National Survey on Productivity and Competitiveness of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (ENAPROCE) 2015
    Note
    Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI) Filename: ejem_base_pyme_ciega_2015.dta, ejem_base_micro_ciega2015.dta, ejem_operation_info2015 Access can be requested by clicking on the link below -> processing service.
    Access policy
    Data access requires purchase or human approval and is not included in the reproducibility package.
    License
    Confidential under Articles 37 and 38 of the Mexican Law on the National System of Statistical and Geographical Information.
    License URL
    https://en.www.inegi.org.mx/inegi/contenido/confidencialidad.html
    Data URL
    https://www.inegi.org.mx/programas/enaproce/2015/#microdata
    National Survey on Productivity and Competitiveness of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (ENAPROCE) 2018
    Name
    National Survey on Productivity and Competitiveness of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (ENAPROCE) 2018
    Note
    Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI) Filename: ejem_base_pyme_ciega_2018.dta, ejem_base_micro_ciega2018.dta Access can be requested by clicking on the link below -> processing service.
    Access policy
    Data access requires purchase or human approval and is not included in the reproducibility package.
    License
    Confidential under Articles 37 and 38 of the Mexican Law on the National System of Statistical and Geographical Information.
    License URL
    https://en.www.inegi.org.mx/inegi/contenido/confidencialidad.html
    Data URL
    https://www.inegi.org.mx/programas/enaproce/2018/#microdata
    Economic Census (2014)
    Name
    Economic Census (2014)
    Note
    Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI) Filename: ejem_CE_2014.dta, ejem_CE_2019.dta, Share exports clase.dta Access can be requested by clicking on the link below -> processing service.
    Access policy
    Data access requires purchase or human approval and is not included in the reproducibility package.
    License
    Confidential under Articles 37 and 38 of the Mexican Law on the National System of Statistical and Geographical Information.
    License URL
    https://en.www.inegi.org.mx/inegi/contenido/confidencialidad.html
    Data URL
    https://en.www.inegi.org.mx/programas/ce/2014/#microdata
    Municipality data
    Name
    Municipality data
    Note
    Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI) Economic Census (2010) Filename: Municipality_data_all.dta Access can be requested by clicking on the link below -> processing service.
    Access policy
    Data access requires purchase or human approval and is not included in the reproducibility package.
    License
    Confidential under Articles 37 and 38 of the Mexican Law on the National System of Statistical and Geographical Information.
    License URL
    https://en.www.inegi.org.mx/inegi/contenido/confidencialidad.html
    Data URL
    https://www.inegi.org.mx/programas/ccpv/2010/#microdatos
    Tradability and Knowledge-Intensive Business Services (KIBS)
    Name
    Tradability and Knowledge-Intensive Business Services (KIBS)
    Note
    Source: EuroStat & Nayyar et al 2021 Filename: Tradability and KIBS.dta
    Access policy
    Restricted and not included in the package.
    Data URL
    https://hdl.handle.net/10986/35599
    Age and management score bins data
    Name
    Age and management score bins data
    Note
    Source: Bloom et al. (2019) Filename: Age_bins_US.dta, Data_US_bins.dta
    Access policy
    Restricted and not included in the package.
    Data URL
    https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/jep.33.3.163
    State level map data
    Name
    State level map data
    Note
    Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI) Filenames: Entidades_2010_5A.dbf, Entidades_2010_5A.prj, Entidades_2010_5A.sbn, Entidades_2010_5A.sbx, Entidades_2010_5A.shp, Entidades_2010_5A.shx
    Access policy
    Publicly available but not included in the package.
    Data URL
    https://www.inegi.org.mx/app/biblioteca/ficha.html?upc=702825292805
    Data statement

    All data is restricted and has not been included in the reproducibility package. For more details, please refer to the README file.

    Description

    Output
    Management And Misallocation In Mexico
    Type
    Journal Article
    Title
    Management And Misallocation In Mexico
    Description
    Journal Articles
    Authors
    Author Affiliation Email
    Leonardo Iacovone World Bank liacovone@worldbank.org
    Nicholas Bloom Stanford University nbloom@stanford.edu
    Mariana Pereira-López World Bank mpereiralopez@worldbank.org
    John Van Reenen London School of Economics j.vanreenen@lse.ac.uk
    Date of production

    2025-08-21

    Scope and coverage

    Geographic locations
    Location Code
    Mexico MEX
    Topics
    ID Topic Parent topic ID Vocabulary Vocabulary URI
    E22 Investment • Capital • Intangible Capital • Capacity E2 Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)
    F14 Empirical Studies of Trade F1 Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)
    L25 Firm Performance: Size, Diversification, and Scope L2 Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)
    O33 Technological Change: Choices and Consequences • Diffusion Processes O3 Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)
    D24 Production • Cost • Capital • Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity • Capacity D2 Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)

    Disclaimer

    Disclaimer

    The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.

    Access and rights

    License
    Name URI
    Modified BSD3 https://opensource.org/license/bsd-3-clause/

    Contacts

    Contacts
    Name Affiliation Email
    Mariana Pereira-López World Bank mpereiralopez@ifc.org
    Reproducibility WBG World Bank reproducibility@worldbank.org

    Information on metadata

    Producers
    Name Abbreviation Affiliation Role
    Reproducibility WBG DECDI World Bank - Development Impact Department Verification and preparation of metadata
    Date of Production

    2025-08-21

    Document version

    1

    Citation

    Citation
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