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Reproducibility package for Using Free Remotely Sensed Data To Assess War-Induced Damage To Agricultural Cultivation: Evidence From Ukraine

2025
Get Reproducibility Package
Reference ID
PP_UKR_2025_458
Author(s)
Daniel Ayalew Ali, Klaus Deininger, Nataliia Kussul, Andrii Shelestov, Leonid Shumilo, Guido Lemoine
Collections
Journal articles
Metadata
JSON
Created on
Oct 17, 2025
Last modified
Nov 26, 2025
  • Overview
  • Reproducibility Package
  • Description
  • Scope and coverage
  • Disclaimer
  • Access and rights
  • Contacts
  • Information on metadata

    • Overview

    Abstract

    We use remotely sensed data to measure conflict-induced field damage in Ukraine 2022-24 for about 10,000 village councils (VCs). Compared to media-based indicators (ACLED), these suggest higher conflict incidence in less densely populated VCs, consistent with official data. Use of annual crop maps for 2019-24 to estimate a difference in differences (DID) model at VC level suggests conflict significantly and persistently reduced cropped area in directly affected and neighboring VCs. Predicted conflict effects are three times larger and differently distributed for image- as compared to media-based indicators, suggesting remotely sensed conflict measures may usefully complement media-based ones, especially in rural areas.

    Reproducibility Package

    Scripts
    Get Reproducibility Package
    File name
    PP_UKR_2025_458
    Zip package
    PP_UKR_2025_458.zip
    Title
    Reproducibility package for Using Free Remotely Sensed Data To Assess War-Induced Damage To Agricultural Cultivation: Evidence From Ukraine
    Date
    2025-10
    Dependencies
    Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder.
    Instructions
    See README in reproducibility package.
    Notes
    Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank. This reproducibility package corresponds to the journal article version of the paper. A separate reproducibility package for the working paper version is available and can be accessed here: https://reproducibility.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/329
    Source code repository
    Repository name URI
    Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank) https://reproducibility.worldbank.org
    Software
    Name
    Stata
    Version
    18 MP

    Reproducibility

    Technology environment

    Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:
    • OS: Windows 11 Enterprise
    • Processor: INTEL(R) XEON(R) PLATINUM 8562Y+ 2.80 GHz (2 processors)
    • Memory available: 128 GB
    Technology requirements

    Run time: ~ 6 hours
    Reproduction instructions
    1. Secure Access to Data: Access the datasets not included in the package. See subsection Datasets and the README for more details.
    2. Download and Place Data: Once the data is downloaded, users should place it in the appropriate folder.
    3. Run the Package: After placing the data in the folder:
      • Update the global in line 12 of the do-file "main" to your folder's location and run the do-file

    Since all the data is not included, the package includes the results produced by replicators in the Results folder. These files can be used to review the results presented in the paper.

    Data

    Datasets
    Name
    Daily Weather Data for Ukraine
    Note
    Source: Daily precipitation and minimum/maximum temperature at the rayon level, extracted from the US National Center for Environmental Prediction Global Forecast System, which produces forecasts every six hours. Data were obtained using Google Earth Engine scripts linked in the README. File location: DataManipulation\RawData\Weather\precip_daily_Aug2018Dec2024.dta; Temp2m_daily_max_Aug2018Dec2024.dta; Temp2m_daily_min_Aug2018Dec2024.dta
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.
    Citation
    US National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). Global Forecast System (GFS) daily precipitation and temperature data, 2018–2024. Extracted via Google Earth Engine
    Name
    Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP) Georeferenced Event Dataset (GED) for Ukraine
    Note
    The UCDP data was downloaded on May 15, 2025, including all the daily events (state-based violence, non-state violence, and one-sided violence) and data columns. Each UCDP event was linked to its village council by converting coordinates into point shapefiles and overlaying them on village boundaries. The resulting .dbf files are included in the reproducibility package. File Location: DataManipulation\RawData\UCDP\gedevents-2025-05-15.csv; ucdp_village.dbf
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.
    Data URL
    https://ucdp.uu.se/country/369
    Citation
    Davies, S., Pettersson, T., Sollenberg, M., & Öberg, M. (2025). Organized violence 1989–2024, and the challenges of identifying civilian victims. Journal of Peace Research, 62(4). Sundberg, Ralph and Erik Melander (2013) Introducing the UCDP Georeferenced Event Dataset. Journal of Peace Research 50(4).
    Name
    Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED)
    Note
    Source: Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED). ACLED event data for Ukraine was retrieved on April 19, 2024 (covering January 1, 2018–April 19, 2024) and again on April 12, 2025 (covering April 12, 2022–April 11, 2025). As ACLED is a “living dataset” with weekly updates, future downloads may differ from the version used by the authors and may produce slightly different results. Each ACLED event was linked to its corresponding village council by converting coordinates into point shapefiles and overlaying them on village boundaries. The resulting .dbf files are not included in the package, as ACLED data cannot be redistributed. Please contact the author directly if access to these .dbf files. File location: DataManipulation\RawData\ACLED\2022-04-12-2025-04-18-Europe-Ukraine.csv; Ukraine_Black_Sea_2020_2024_Apr19.csv; ConflictID_2024_Apr19.dbf; ConflictID_2025_Apr11_v2.dbf
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available but does not allow redistribution.
    License URL
    https://acleddata.com/terms-and-conditions
    Data URL
    https://acleddata.com/conflict-data/data-export-tool
    Citation
    Armed Conflict Location & Event Data (ACLED), accessed April 19, 2024 and April 12, 2025, covering events in Ukraine, 2018–2025. https://acleddata.com/
    Name
    Remotely sensed and administrative data to assess war-induced damage to agricultural cultivation in Ukraine
    Note
    The dataset includes: (i) crop cover raster and textual data at the village level; (ii) conflict indicators compiled from public sources and hand labeling of using high resolution satellite imagery and machine learning; and (iii) weather, distance to roads and gridded population data aggregated at the village level. All the files are listed in the hash report data_hash_report.xlsx.
    Access policy
    Publicly available but not included in the package.
    License
    Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
    Data URL
    https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/int/search/dataset/0066913/remotely_sensed_and_administrative_data_to_assess_warinduced_damage_to_agricultural_cultivation_in_
    Citation
    Daniel Ayalew Ali, Klaus W. Deininger (World Bank ) 2025. "Remotely sensed and administrative data to assess war-induced damage to agricultural cultivation in Ukraine [dataset]"
    Data statement

    All data sources are publicly available but not all are included in the reproducibility package.

    Description

    Output
    Type
    Journal Article
    Title
    Using Free Remotely Sensed Data To Assess War-Induced Damage To Agricultural Cultivation: Evidence From Ukraine
    Description
    Journal Articles
    URL
    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304387825002123?via%3Dihub
    Authors
    Author Affiliation Email
    Daniel Ayalew Ali World Bank dali1@worldbank.org
    Klaus Deininger World Bank kdeininger@worldbank.org
    Nataliia Kussul University of Maryland kussul@umd.edu
    Andrii Shelestov Igor Sigorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, Kyiv, Ukraine andrii.shelestov@gmail.com
    Leonid Shumilo University of Maryland lshumilo@umd.edu
    Guido Lemoine Joint Research Center of the European Commission, Ispra, Italy guido.lemoine@ec.europa.eu
    Date of production

    2025-10-17

    Scope and coverage

    Geographic locations
    Location Code
    Ukraine UKR
    Keywords
    Ukraine Conflict/War Food Security Agricultural Production Agricultural Input And Output Markets
    Topics
    ID Topic Parent topic ID Vocabulary Vocabulary URI
    Q10 General Q1 Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)
    O13 Agriculture • Natural Resources • Energy • Environment • Other Primary Products O1 Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)
    H56 National Security and War H5 Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)
    R14 Land Use Patterns R1 Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)

    Disclaimer

    Disclaimer

    The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.

    Access and rights

    License
    Name URI
    Modified BSD3 https://opensource.org/license/bsd-3-clause/

    Contacts

    Contacts
    Name Affiliation Email
    Daniel Ayalew Ali World Bank dali1@worldbank.org
    Reproducibility WBG World Bank reproducibility@worldbank.org

    Information on metadata

    Producers
    Name Abbreviation Affiliation Role
    Reproducibility WBG DECDI World Bank - Development Impact Department Verification and preparation of metadata
    Date of Production

    2025-10-17
    Document version

    1
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