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Reproducibility package for Female Leaders And Intrahousehold Dynamics: Evidence From State Elections In India

2025
Get Reproducibility Package
Reference ID
PP_IND_2025_462
Author(s)
S Anukriti, Bilge Erten, Priya Mukherjee
Collections
Journal articles
Metadata
JSON
Created on
Nov 14, 2025
Last modified
Nov 18, 2025
  • Overview
  • Reproducibility Package
  • Description
  • Scope and coverage
  • Disclaimer
  • Access and rights
  • Contacts
  • Information on metadata

    • Overview

    Abstract

    We study the impact of women's political representation on the wellbeing of their female constituents, specifically in the domain of health. Increasing women's political representation leads to greater public provision of reproductive healthcare services in rural areas. Consequently, rural women can exercise greater control over their reproductive choices through the adoption of modern contraception and increased birth spacing. However, these positive impacts are accompanied by an increase in intimate partner violence against women. The increase in spousal abuse is particularly pronounced among women whose husbands prefer to have additional sons, suggesting that the wife's greater contraceptive use triggers marital conflict.

    Reproducibility Package

    Scripts
    Get Reproducibility Package
    File name
    PP_IND_2025_462
    Zip package
    PP_IND_2025_462.zip
    Title
    Reproducibility package for Female Leaders And Intrahousehold Dynamics: Evidence From State Elections In India
    Date
    2025-11
    Dependencies
    Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder.
    Instructions
    See README in reproducibility package.
    Notes
    Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.
    Source code repository
    Repository name URI
    Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank) https://reproducibility.worldbank.org
    Software
    Name
    Stata
    Version
    18 MP

    Reproducibility

    Technology environment

    Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:
    • OS: Windows 11 Enterprise, version 23H2
    • Processor: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8562Y+ 2.80 GHz (2 processors)
    • Memory available: 1.54 TB
    Technology requirements

    Runtime: 30 minutes
    Reproduction instructions
    1. Obtain the data: Some of the datasets used in this reproducibility package are limited-access. Please see details in the README.
    2. Place the data in the correct folders: If the data files are obtained, they should be copied to their corresponding folders as outlined in the README.
    3. Adjust File Paths and Run Code: Update the paths in "Dofiles/Master.do" and run the do-file to reproduce the results.

    Since some data is restricted and obtaining access to all data might be difficult, this reproducibility package includes the outputs generated by the reviewers in the reproducibility verification. They are in the "Output" folder.

    Data

    Datasets
    Name
    District-level Household and Facility Survey (2012-2014)
    Note
    Source: International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) Users are required to register at the URL provided below, create an account, and request access to the data.
    Access policy
    Data access requires human approval and is not included in the reproducibility package
    License URL
    https://www.iipsindia.ac.in/node/3623
    Data URL
    https://www.iipsindia.ac.in/content/data-center
    Citation
    Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. . "District-level Household and Facility Survey (2012-2014) [dataset]," Accessed via International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) [distributor] https://www.iipsindia.ac.in/content/data-center, 2014
    Name
    National Family Health Survey (2015-2016)
    Note
    Source: The Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Program Users are required to register at the URL provided below and request access to the data. However, due to the ongoing review of U.S. foreign assistance programs, the DHS Program is currently on pause and is unable to process or respond to data requests at this time.
    Access policy
    Data access requires human approval and is not included in the reproducibility package.
    License URL
    https://dhsprogram.com/Privacy-Policy.cfm
    Data URL
    https://dhsprogram.com/
    Citation
    The Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Program. . "National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) [dataset]," https://dhsprogram.com/, 2025.
    Name
    Statewide Electoral data (2008-2015)
    Note
    Source: Election Commission of India (ECI) Users can access the data from the URL below. Please note that the URL is only accessible within India.
    Access policy
    Data access requires human approval and is not included in the reproducibility package.
    Data URL
    https://www.eci.gov.in/statistical-reports
    Citation
    Election Commission of India (ECI). 2015. "Statewide Electoral data (2008-2015) [dataset]," https://www.eci.gov.in/statistical-reports.
    Name
    Statewide Electoral data (1996-2007 and 2015-2023)
    Note
    Source: Ashoka University
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.
    License URL
    https://lokdhaba.ashoka.edu.in/static/media/2022Feb12LokDhabaCodebook.21040cf7.pdf
    Data URL
    https://lokdhaba.ashoka.edu.in/
    Citation
    Ananay Agarwal, Neelesh Agrawal, Saloni Bhogale, Sudheendra Hangal, Francesca Refsum Jensenius, Mohit Kumar, Chinmay Narayan, Basim U Nissa, Priyamvada Trivedi, and Gilles Verniers. 2021. “TCPD Indian Elections Data v2.0", Trivedi Centre for Political Data, Ashoka University.
    Name
    Censuses of India (2001)
    Note
    Source: Socioeconomic High-resolution Rural-Urban Geographic Platform for India (SHRUG)
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.
    License
    Creative Commons BY-NC-SA 4.0
    License URL
    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
    Data URL
    https://www.devdatalab.org/shrug.
    Citation
    Socioeconomic High-resolution Rural-Urban Geographic Platform for India (SHRUG). . "Censuses of India (2011) [dataset]," https://www.devdatalab.org/shrug, 2025.
    Name
    Censuses of India (2011)
    Note
    Source: Government of India Users can access the data from the URL below. Please note that the URL is only accessible within India.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available but only accessible within India.
    Data URL
    https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/population_enumeration.html
    Citation
    Government of India . 2011. "Censuses of India [dataset]," https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/population_enumeration.html.
    Name
    Electoral Candidate Affidavits data (2008-2015)
    Note
    Source: Association for Democratic Reform
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available but does not allow redistribution.
    License URL
    https://adrindia.org/content/adr-terms-use
    Data URL
    https://www.myneta.info/
    Citation
    Association for Democratic Reform. "Electoral Candidate Affidavits data (2008-2015) [dataset]," https://www.myneta.info/, 2025.
    Data statement

    Some data is limited access and has not been included in the reproducibility package. For more details, please refer to the README file.

    Description

    Output
    Type
    Journal Article
    Title
    Female Leaders And Intrahousehold Dynamics: Evidence From State Elections In India
    Description
    Journal Articles
    Authors
    Author Affiliation Email
    S Anukriti World Bank sanukriti@worldbank.org
    Bilge Erten Northeastern University b.erten@northeastern.edu
    Priya Mukherjee University of Wisconsin, Madison priya.mukherjee@wisc.edu
    Date of production

    2025-11-01

    Scope and coverage

    Geographic locations
    Location Code
    India IND

    Disclaimer

    Disclaimer

    The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.

    Access and rights

    License
    Name URI
    Modified BSD3 https://opensource.org/license/bsd-3-clause/

    Contacts

    Contacts
    Name Affiliation Email
    S Anukriti World Bank sanukriti@worldbank.org
    Reproducibility WBG World Bank reproducibility@worldbank.org

    Information on metadata

    Producers
    Name Abbreviation Affiliation Role
    Reproducibility WBG DECDI World Bank - Development Impact Department Verification and preparation of metadata
    Date of Production

    2025-11-01
    Document version

    1
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