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PRWP

Reproducibility package for CLARE: A Causal Machine Learning Approach To Resilience Estimation

2025
Get Reproducibility Package
Reference ID
RR_AFR_2025_484
Author(s)
Talip Kilic, Marco Letta, Pierluigi Montalbano, Federica Petruccelli
Collections
World Bank Policy Research Working Papers
Metadata
JSON
Created on
Dec 05, 2025
Last modified
Jan 06, 2026
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  • Overview

    Abstract

    This paper proposes a new resilience index, CLARE (Causal machine Learning Approach to Resilience Estimation), which is rooted in an impact evaluation framework and causal machine learning algorithms applied to longitudinal household survey data. The indicator is model-agnostic, data-driven, scalable, and normatively anchored to wellbeing thresholds, and can be either shock-specific or a general-purpose resilience metric. The paper provides an empirical demonstration of constructing the CLARE resilience index, leveraging over 28,000 household observations from 19 nationally-representative, longitudinal, multi-topic surveys that were implemented by the national statistical offices in Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Uganda over the period of 2009-2020 in partnership with the World Bank Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS). Although the paper centers on measuring resilience to drought, the proposed index is applicable to any type of shock. The analysis shows that CLARE outperforms existing resilience metrics and alternative approaches to predict food insecurity out-of-sample—both in future (dynamic forecasting) and in held-out countries (cross-sectional prediction). Since the index can be decomposed to causally identify the relative importance of resilience capacities that can insulate populations from shocks, it can be operationalized in the design, targeting and monitoring of policies and investments that aim to strengthen resilience. CLARE’s deployment—paired with continued investments in national longitudinal survey platforms—can boost the effectiveness of early-warning systems and resilience-building interventions, while allowing the transfer of resilience policy advice from data-rich contexts to data-poor environments that may not immediately provide the requisite longitudinal survey data for index estimation.

    Reproducibility Package

    Scripts
    Readme Get Reproducibility Package
    Link: https://reproducibility.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/416/download/1194/README.pdf
    Reproducibility package for Clare: A Causal Machine Learning Approach To Resilience Estimation
    File name
    RR_AFR_2025_484
    Zip package
    RR_AFR_2025_484.zip
    Title
    Reproducibility package for Clare: A Causal Machine Learning Approach To Resilience Estimation
    Date
    2025-12
    Dependencies
    R dependencies are listed in the file renv.lock. Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder.
    Instructions
    See README in reproducibility package.
    Notes
    Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.
    Source code repository
    Repository name URI
    Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank) https://reproducibility.worldbank.org
    Software
    R
    Name
    R
    Version
    4.4.1
    Stata
    Name
    Stata
    Version
    18.5 MP
    Excel
    Name
    Excel

    Reproducibility

    Technology environment

    Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:
    • OS: Windows 11 Enterprise
    • Processor: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-1145G7 CPU @ 2.60GHz
    • Memory available: 15.7 GB

    Technology requirements

    Runtime: 30 minutes.

    Reproduction instructions

    To reproduce the findings in this paper, new users should follow the steps below:

    1. Descriptive Statistics (Stata): Open STEP 0 - Descriptive_Statistics.do, update the file path in line 5, and run the code.
    2. Estimation and Forecasting (R)
      • Open the .Rproj file included in the package.
      • Restore the environment using renv::restore() (recommended), or manually install the required packages.
      • Run the script STEP 1 - Estimation_Forecasting.R.
      • Then run STEP 1 - Estimation_Main_Country.R, which executes all estimation steps for Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Uganda.
    3. Aggregation and Evaluation – Forecasting (Stata)
      Open STEP 2 - Aggregation and Evaluation_Forecasting.do, update the file path in the indicated line, and run the code.
    4. Aggregation and Evaluation – Out-of-Country (Stata): Open STEP 2 - Aggregation and Evaluation_Out-Of-Country.do, update the file path in the indicated line, and run the code.
    5. Figures (Stata): Open STEP 3 - Figures do file, update the file path in the indicated line, and run the code.

    Note: The full workflow of the package can be executed and reproduces all results reported in the paper. However, the starting point of the reproducibility package is intermediate data, as the raw LSMS-ISA household microdata were merged at an early stage of the analysis with confidential household geographic coordinates, which are restricted and cannot be shared.

    For transparency, the complete set of scripts used by the authors to process the raw data and construct the intermediate datasets is included in the folder Codes/Do files - Variable Construction. These scripts were not executed by the replicators, as access to the raw confidential data is restricted. Instead, the replicators virtually verified the data construction process by reviewing the code and confirming that the outputs generated by the authors correspond exactly to the intermediate datasets provided as the starting point of this package. The included intermediate datasets are sufficient to fully reproduce all analyses, tables, and figures presented in the paper.

    Data

    Datasets
    Nigeria - General Household Survey, Panel 2018-2019, Wave 4
    Name
    Nigeria - General Household Survey, Panel 2018-2019, Wave 4
    Note
    Files located at: Codes/Do files - Variable Construction/nigeria/NGA_2018_GHSP-W4_v03_M_Stata12/. These files correspond to the Nigeria General Household Survey (GHS) Panel wave 2018/19.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available, but does not allow redistribution and is not included in the reproducibility package
    License
    Public Use Files
    License URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/terms-of-use
    Data URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/3557
    Citation
    Nigeria National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). (2019). General Household Survey, Panel 2018-2019, Wave 4 [Data set]. World Bank, Development Data Group. https://doi.org/10.48529/1HGW-DQ47
    Nigeria - General Household Survey, Panel 2015-2016, Wave 3
    Name
    Nigeria - General Household Survey, Panel 2015-2016, Wave 3
    Note
    Files located at: Codes/Do files - Variable Construction/nigeria/NGA_2018_GHSP-W4_v03_M_Stata12/. These files correspond to the Nigeria General Household Survey (GHS) Panel wave 2015/16.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available, but does not allow redistribution and is not included in the reproducibility package
    License
    Public Use Files
    License URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/terms-of-use
    Data URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/2734
    Citation
    Nigeria National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) . (2016). General Household Survey, Panel 2015-2016, Wave 3 [Data set]. World Bank, Development Data Group. https://doi.org/10.48529/7XMJ-Q133
    Nigeria - General Household Survey, Panel 2012-2013, Wave 2
    Name
    Nigeria - General Household Survey, Panel 2012-2013, Wave 2
    Note
    Files located at: Codes/Do files - Variable Construction/nigeria/NGA_2018_GHSP-W4_v03_M_Stata12/. These files correspond to the Nigeria General Household Survey (GHS) Panel wave 2012/13.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available, but does not allow redistribution and is not included in the reproducibility package
    License
    Public Use Files
    License URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/terms-of-use
    Data URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/1952
    Citation
    Nigeria National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). (2014). General Household Survey, Panel 2012-2013, Wave 2 [Data set]. World Bank, Development Data Group. https://doi.org/10.48529/KXPY-AA72
    Nigeria - General Household Survey, Panel 2010-2011, Wave 1
    Name
    Nigeria - General Household Survey, Panel 2010-2011, Wave 1
    Note
    Files located at: Codes/Do files - Variable Construction/nigeria/NGA_2018_GHSP-W4_v03_M_Stata12/. These files correspond to the Nigeria General Household Survey (GHS) Panel wave 2011/12.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available, but does not allow redistribution and is not included in the reproducibility package
    License
    Public Use Files
    License URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/terms-of-use
    Data URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/1002
    Citation
    Nigeria National Bureau of Statistics. (2012). General Household Survey, Panel 2010-2011, Wave 1 [Data set]. World Bank, Development Data Group. https://doi.org/10.48529/Y9E2-B753
    Nigeria - General Household Survey - Panel 2010-2019, Uniform Panel Data
    Name
    Nigeria - General Household Survey - Panel 2010-2019, Uniform Panel Data
    Note
    Files located at: Codes/Do files - Variable Construction/nigeria/NGA_2010-2019_NUPD_v01_M_Stata/. These files correspond to the Nigeria General Household Survey (GHS) Uniform Panel wave 2010/19.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available, but does not allow redistribution and is not included in the reproducibility package
    License
    Public Use Files
    License URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/terms-of-use
    Data URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/5835
    Citation
    Nigeria National Bureau of Statistics . (2020). General Household Survey - Panel 2010-2019, Uniform Panel Data [Data set]. World Bank, Development Data Group.
    Malawi - Fourth Integrated Household Survey 2016-2017
    Name
    Malawi - Fourth Integrated Household Survey 2016-2017
    Note
    Files located at: Codes/Do files - Variable Construction/nigeria/MWI_2016_IHS-IV_v04_M_STATA14/. These files correspond to the Nigeria General Household Survey (GHS) Panel wave 2011/12.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available, but does not allow redistribution and is not included in the reproducibility package
    License
    Public Use Files
    License URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/terms-of-use
    Data URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/2936
    Citation
    Malawi National Statistical Office (NSO) . (2017). Fourth Integrated Household Survey 2016-2017 [Data set]. World Bank, Development Data Group. https://doi.org/10.48529/G2P9-9R19
    Malawi - Fifth Integrated Household Survey 2019-2020
    Name
    Malawi - Fifth Integrated Household Survey 2019-2020
    Note
    Files located at: Codes/Do files - Variable Construction/malawi/MWI_2019_IHS-V_v06_M/. These files correspond to the Malawi Integrated Household Survey 2019/20.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available, but does not allow redistribution and is not included in the reproducibility package
    License
    Public Use Files
    License URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/terms-of-use
    Data URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/3818
    Citation
    Malawi National Statistical Office (NSO). (2020). Fifth Integrated Household Survey 2019-2020 [Data set]. World Bank, Development Data Group. https://doi.org/10.48529/MPYK-DS48
    Malawi - Integrated Household Panel Survey 2010-2013 (Short-Term Panel, 204 EAs)
    Name
    Malawi - Integrated Household Panel Survey 2010-2013 (Short-Term Panel, 204 EAs)
    Note
    Files located at: Codes/Do files - Variable Construction/malawi/MWI_2010-2013_IHPS_v01_M/. These files correspond to the Malawi Integrated Household Panel Survey 2010/13.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available, but does not allow redistribution and is not included in the reproducibility package
    License
    Public Use Files
    License URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/terms-of-use
    Data URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/2248
    Citation
    Malawi National Statistical Office. (2015). Integrated Household Panel Survey 2010-2013 (Short-Term Panel, 204 EAs) [Data set]. World Bank, Development Data Group. https://doi.org/10.48529/4Q9F-2288
    Malawi - Integrated Household Panel Survey 2010-2013-2016-2019 (Long-Term Panel, 102 EAs)
    Name
    Malawi - Integrated Household Panel Survey 2010-2013-2016-2019 (Long-Term Panel, 102 EAs)
    Note
    Files located at: Codes/Do files - Variable Construction/malawi/MWI_2010-2019_IHPS_v06_M/. These files correspond to the Malawi Integrated Household Panel Survey 2010/19.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available, but does not allow redistribution and is not included in the reproducibility package
    License
    Public Use Files
    License URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/terms-of-use
    Data URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/3819
    Citation
    Malawi National Statistical Office (NSO). (2020). Integrated Household Panel Survey 2010-2013-2016-2019 (Long-Term Panel, 102 EAs) [Data set]. World Bank, Development Data Group. https://doi.org/10.48529/Q5Q1-2A34
    Malawi - Third Integrated Household Survey 2010-2011
    Name
    Malawi - Third Integrated Household Survey 2010-2011
    Note
    Files located at: Codes/Do files - Variable Construction/malawi/MWI_2010_IHS-III_v01_M/. These files correspond to the Malawi Integrated Household Survey 2010/11.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available, but does not allow redistribution and is not included in the reproducibility package
    License
    Public Use Files
    License URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/terms-of-use
    Data URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/1003
    Citation
    Malawi National Statistical Office (NSO). (2012). Third Integrated Household Survey 2010-2011 [Data set]. World Bank, Development Data Group. https://doi.org/10.48529/W1JQ-QH85
    Tanzania - National Panel Survey 2008-2009, Wave 1
    Name
    Tanzania - National Panel Survey 2008-2009, Wave 1
    Note
    Files located at: Codes/Do files - Variable Construction/tanzania/TZA_2008_NPS-R1_v03_M/. These files correspond to the Tanzania National Panel Survey 2010/11.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available, but does not allow redistribution and is not included in the reproducibility package
    License
    Public Use Files
    License URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/terms-of-use
    Data URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/76
    Citation
    Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics. (2011). National Panel Survey 2008-2009, Wave 1 [Data set]. World Bank, Development Data Group. https://doi.org/10.48529/HZ8S-3489
    Tanzania - National Panel Survey 2010-2011, Wave 2
    Name
    Tanzania - National Panel Survey 2010-2011, Wave 2
    Note
    Files located at: Codes/Do files - Variable Construction/tanzania/TZA_2010_NPS-R2_v03_M/. These files correspond to the Tanzania National Panel Survey 2010/11.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available, but does not allow redistribution and is not included in the reproducibility package
    License
    Public Use Files
    License URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/terms-of-use
    Data URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/1050
    Citation
    Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics . (2012). National Panel Survey 2010-2011, Wave 2 [Data set]. World Bank, Development Data Group. https://doi.org/10.48529/JM20-C742
    Tanzania - National Panel Survey 2012-2013, Wave 3
    Name
    Tanzania - National Panel Survey 2012-2013, Wave 3
    Note
    Files located at: Codes/Do files - Variable Construction/tanzania/TZA_2012_NPS-R3_v01_M/. These files correspond to the Tanzania National Panel Survey 2012/13.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available, but does not allow redistribution and is not included in the reproducibility package
    License
    Public Use Files
    License URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/terms-of-use
    Data URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/2252
    Citation
    Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics. (2015). National Panel Survey 2012-2013, Wave 3 [Data set]. World Bank, Development Data Group. https://doi.org/10.48529/7VQV-5F71
    Tanzania - National Panel Survey 2014-2015, Wave 4
    Name
    Tanzania - National Panel Survey 2014-2015, Wave 4
    Note
    Files located at: Codes/Do files - Variable Construction/tanzania/TZA_2014_NPS-R4_v03_M/. These files correspond to the Tanzania National Panel Survey 2014/15.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available, but does not allow redistribution and is not included in the reproducibility package
    License
    Public Use Files
    License URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/terms-of-use
    Data URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/2862
    Citation
    Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics . (2017). National Panel Survey 2014-2015, Wave 4 [Data set]. World Bank, Development Data Group. https://doi.org/10.48529/Y3QJ-D018
    Tanzania - National Panel Survey 2019-2020 - Extended Panel with Sex Disaggregated Data
    Name
    Tanzania - National Panel Survey 2019-2020 - Extended Panel with Sex Disaggregated Data
    Note
    Files located at: Codes/Do files - Variable Construction/tanzania/TZA_2019_NPS-SDD_v06_M/. These files correspond to the Tanzania National Panel Survey 2019/20.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available, but does not allow redistribution and is not included in the reproducibility package
    License
    Public Use Files
    License URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/terms-of-use
    Data URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/3885
    Citation
    World Bank. (2021). National Panel Survey 2019-2020 - Extended Panel with Sex Disaggregated Data [Data set]. World Bank, Development Data Group. https://doi.org/10.48529/0Y7D-1V78
    Uganda - National Panel Survey 2005-2009
    Name
    Uganda - National Panel Survey 2005-2009
    Note
    Files located at: Codes/Do files - Variable Construction/uganda/UGA_2005-2009_UNPS_v03_M/. These files correspond to the Uganda National Panel Survey 2005/2009.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available, but does not allow redistribution and is not included in the reproducibility package
    License
    Public Use Files
    License URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/terms-of-use
    Data URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/1001
    Citation
    Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS). (2012). National Panel Survey 2005-2009 [Data set]. World Bank, Development Data Group. https://doi.org/10.48529/9VEP-E461
    Uganda - National Panel Survey 2010-2011
    Name
    Uganda - National Panel Survey 2010-2011
    Note
    Files located at: Codes/Do files - Variable Construction/uganda/UGA_2010_UNPS_v03_M/. These files correspond to the Uganda National Panel Survey 2010/11.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available, but does not allow redistribution and is not included in the reproducibility package
    License
    Public Use Files
    License URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/terms-of-use
    Data URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/2166
    Citation
    Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS). (2014). National Panel Survey 2010-2011 [Data set]. World Bank, Development Data Group. https://doi.org/10.48529/W2D8-T244
    Uganda - National Panel Survey 2011-2012
    Name
    Uganda - National Panel Survey 2011-2012
    Note
    Files located at: Codes/Do files - Variable Construction/uganda/UGA_2011_UNPS_v02_M/. These files correspond to the Uganda National Panel Survey 2011/12.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available, but does not allow redistribution and is not included in the reproducibility package
    License
    Public Use Files
    License URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/terms-of-use
    Data URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/2059
    Citation
    Uganda Bureau of Statistics. (2013). National Panel Survey 2011-2012 [Data set]. World Bank, Development Data Group. https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/2059
    Uganda - National Panel Survey 2013-2014
    Name
    Uganda - National Panel Survey 2013-2014
    Note
    Files located at: Codes/Do files - Variable Construction/uganda/UGA_2013_UNPS_v02_M/. These files correspond to the Uganda National Panel Survey 2013/14.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available, but does not allow redistribution and is not included in the reproducibility package
    License
    Public Use Files
    License URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/terms-of-use
    Data URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/2663
    Citation
    Uganda Bureau of Statistics. (2015). National Panel Survey 2013-2014 [Data set]. World Bank, Development Data Group. https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/2663
    Uganda - National Panel Survey 2015-2016
    Name
    Uganda - National Panel Survey 2015-2016
    Note
    Files located at: Codes/Do files - Variable Construction/uganda/UGA_2015_UNPS_v02_M/. These files correspond to the Uganda National Panel Survey 2015/16.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available, but does not allow redistribution and is not included in the reproducibility package
    License
    Public Use Files
    License URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/terms-of-use
    Data URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/3460
    Citation
    Uganda Bureau of Statistics. (2017). National Panel Survey 2015-2016 [Data set]. World Bank, Development Data Group. https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/3460
    Uganda - National Panel Survey 2018-2019
    Name
    Uganda - National Panel Survey 2018-2019
    Note
    Files located at: Codes/Do files - Variable Construction/uganda/UGA_2018_UNPS_v02_M/. These files correspond to the Uganda National Panel Survey 2018/19.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available, but does not allow redistribution and is not included in the reproducibility package
    License
    Public Use Files
    License URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/terms-of-use
    Data URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/3795
    Citation
    Uganda Bureau of Statistics. (2020). National Panel Survey 2018-2019 [Data set]. World Bank, Development Data Group. https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/3795
    Uganda - National Panel Survey 2019-2020
    Name
    Uganda - National Panel Survey 2019-2020
    Note
    Files located at: Codes/Do files - Variable Construction/uganda/UGA_2019_UNPS_v03_M/. These files correspond to the Uganda National Panel Survey 2019/20.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available, but does not allow redistribution and is not included in the reproducibility package
    License
    Public Use Files
    License URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/terms-of-use
    Data URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/3902
    Citation
    Uganda Bureau of Statistics. (2021). National Panel Survey 2019-2020 [Data set]. World Bank, Development Data Group. https://doi.org/10.48529/NQZX-F196
    Evaporative Drought Demand Index
    Name
    Evaporative Drought Demand Index
    Note
    For this analysis, Evaporative Demand Drought Index (EDDI) values were spatially joined to confidential household-level coordinates. As a result, the merged dataset cannot be publicly shared. All intermediate datasets required to reproduce the results in the paper are included in the reproducibility package. The exclusion of the confidential merged files does not prevent the code from running or the results from being reproduced.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available, but as it is merged with restricted data, it is not included in the reproducibility package.
    License
    Direct download; licensing information not available
    Data URL
    https://psl.noaa.gov/eddi/
    Citation
    Physical Sciences Laboratory. (2023). Evaporative Drought Demand Index [Dataset]. https://psl.noaa.gov/eddi/
    Confidential Household Survey Geographic Coordinates for Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi, and Nigeria
    Name
    Confidential Household Survey Geographic Coordinates for Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi, and Nigeria
    Note
    This dataset consists of confidential household-level geographic coordinates used to merge household survey data with geospatial and weather information spatially. Due to the sensitive nature of the coordinates and the risk of identifying survey respondents, the raw household coordinate data are not shared in this reproducibility package. These confidential coordinates were merged with other household survey data internally at the World Bank by a geospatial specialist. Neither the replicators nor external users have access to the confidential coordinate data. The intermediate datasets generated after the spatial merge, which no longer contain raw coordinates and are sufficient to run all analysis scripts and reproduce the published results, are included in the package. For more information on the merging and creation of the intermediate data, the replicators can consult the folder Codes/Do files - Variable Construction.
    Access policy
    Data is restricted and not included in the reproducibility package
    Citation
    World Bank. (2025). Confidential Household Survey Geographic Coordinates for Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi, and Nigeria. Access restricted. Used internally for spatial data integration.
    Data statement

    Some data used in the analysis are restricted and therefore not included in the reproducibility package. However, the intermediate datasets generated by the authors are provided and serve as the starting point of the package, enabling a full replication of all results.

    Description

    Output
    CLARE: A Causal Machine Learning Approach To Resilience Estimation
    Type
    Working Paper
    Title
    CLARE: A Causal Machine Learning Approach To Resilience Estimation
    Description
    Policy Research Working Papers (PRWP)
    Authors
    Author Affiliation Email
    Talip Kilic World Bank tkilic@worldbank.org
    Marco Letta Sapienza University marco.letta@uniroma1.it
    Pierluigi Montalbano Sapienza University pierluigi.montalbano@uniroma1.it
    Federica Petruccelli Sapienza University federica.petruccelli@uniroma1.it
    Date of production

    2025-12-10

    Scope and coverage

    Geographic locations
    Location Code
    Africa AFR
    Keywords
    Resilience Causal Machine Learning Longitudinal Household Surveys Impact Evaluation Predictive Analytics Policy Targeting
    Topics
    ID Topic Parent topic ID Vocabulary Vocabulary URI
    C31 Cross-Sectional Models • Spatial Models • Treatment Effect Models • Quantile Regressions • Social Interaction Models C3 Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)
    O12 Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development O1 Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)
    O15 Human Resources • Human Development • Income Distribution • Migration O1 Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)

    Disclaimer

    Disclaimer

    The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.

    Access and rights

    License
    Name URI
    Modified BSD3 https://opensource.org/license/bsd-3-clause/

    Contacts

    Contacts
    Name Affiliation Email
    Talip Kilic World Bank tkilic@worldbank.org
    Reproducibility WBG World Bank reproducibility@worldbank.org

    Information on metadata

    Producers
    Name Abbreviation Affiliation Role
    Reproducibility WBG DECDI World Bank - Development Impact Department Verification and preparation of metadata
    Date of Production

    2025-12-10

    Document version

    1

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