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PRWP

Reproducibility package for Economic sentiments and expectations in Sub-Saharan Africa in a time of multiple shocks

2023
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Reference ID
RR_AFR_2023_24-v01
DOI
https://doi.org/10.60572/37bs-dn73
Author(s)
Philip Wollburg, Thomas Bentze, Talip Kilic
Collections
World Bank Policy Research Working Papers
Metadata
JSON
Created on
Nov 13, 2023
Last modified
Nov 15, 2023
  • Project Description
  • Downloads
  • Overview
  • Reproducibility Package
  • Description
  • Scope and coverage
  • Disclaimer
  • Access and rights
  • Contacts
  • Information on metadata
  • Citation
  • Overview

    Abstract

    Against the background of high inflation, climate shocks, and concerns regarding rising food insecurity, this study documents the state of economic sentiments and expectations of households in five African countries that are home to 36 percent of the Sub-Saharan African population. Leveraging nationally representative phone survey data, 57 percent of households across the five countries report that their financial situation and their country’s economic situation have worsened significantly in the last 12 months. While the expectations regarding the future are more positive, there are marked differences across countries that suggest uneven recovery prospects and non-negligible uncertainty regarding the future. Households overwhelmingly report prices to have increased considerably in the past 12 months and expect prices to increase faster, or at the same rate, for the next 12 months. Close to 54 percent of households – home to 206 million individuals - further expect that climate shocks will have adverse impacts on their finances in the next year. Economic sentiments are closely related to livelihood outcomes such as food insecurity, lack of access to staple foods, income loss, and unemployment, and sentiments regarding the household financial situation, country economic situation, price increases, and climate shocks are also interdependent. Households whose financial situation has worsened in the past year are consistently more pessimistic about their financial future. Food insecure households, in particular, are not only more likely to report worsening financial situation in the recent and pessimism regarding the future, but also more likely to expect to be adversely impacted by climate shocks.

    Reproducibility Package

    Scripts
    Readme Get Reproducibility Package
    Link: https://reproducibility.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/75/download/185/README.pdf
    Reproducibility package (data and code) for Economic sentiments and expectations in Sub-Saharan Africa in a time of multiple shocks
    Title
    Reproducibility package (data and code) for Economic sentiments and expectations in Sub-Saharan Africa in a time of multiple shocks
    Date
    2023-10
    Software
    Stata
    Description
    The code in this replication packages constructs the analysis files and tables and figures for "Economic sentiments and expectations in Sub-Saharan Africa in a time of multiple shocks" using Stata. One main file runs all of the code to generate the data and figures.
    Dependencies
    All dependencies are stored in the ado folder in the reproducibility package.
    Instructions
    See README in reproducibility package.
    Notes
    Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DIME) Analytics team, World Bank.
    Source code repository
    Repository name URI
    Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank) https://reproducibility.worldbank.org
    Software
    Stata
    Name
    Stata
    Version
    17

    Reproducibility

    Technology environment

    Paper was reproduced on two computers with the following specifications:

    1. Computer 1:
      – OS: Windows 11 Enterprise
      – Processor: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-1145G7 CPU @ 2.60GHz
      – Memory available: 15.7 GB
      – Software version: Stata version 17
    2. Computer 2:
      – OS: macOS Ventura
      – Processor: Apple M1
      – Memory available: 8 GB
      – Software version: Stata version 18
    Technology requirements

    ~10min runtime

    Reproduction instructions

    A README file with instructions is part of the reproducibility package.

    Data

    Datasets
    High-Frequency Phone Survey 2020-2023 - Uganda
    Name
    High-Frequency Phone Survey 2020-2023 - Uganda
    Access policy
    Published with package and can be accessed through the World Bank Microdata Library. The study used rounds 7 and 8.
    Data URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/3765/get-microdata
    National Panel Survey 2018-2019 - Uganda
    Name
    National Panel Survey 2018-2019 - Uganda
    Access policy
    Published with package and can be accessed through the World Bank Microdata Library.
    Data URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/3795
    National Panel Survey 2019-2020 - Uganda
    Name
    National Panel Survey 2019-2020 - Uganda
    Access policy
    Published with package and can be accessed through the World Bank Microdata Library.
    Data URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/3902
    High-Frequency Phone Survey 2020-2023 - Nigeria
    Name
    High-Frequency Phone Survey 2020-2023 - Nigeria
    Access policy
    Published with package and can be accessed through the World Bank Microdata Library. The study used rounds 4 and 5.
    Data URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/3712/get-microdata
    General Household Survey, Panel 2018-2019 - Nigeria
    Name
    General Household Survey, Panel 2018-2019 - Nigeria
    Access policy
    Published with package and can be accessed through the World Bank Microdata Library.
    Data URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/3557
    High-Frequency Phone Survey 2020-2023 - Malawi
    Name
    High-Frequency Phone Survey 2020-2023 - Malawi
    Access policy
    Published with package and can be accessed through the World Bank Microdata Library. The study used rounds 8 and 14.
    Data URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/3766/
    Integrated Household Panel Survey 2019 - Malawi
    Name
    Integrated Household Panel Survey 2019 - Malawi
    Access policy
    Published with package and can be accessed through the World Bank Microdata Library.
    Data URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/3819
    High-Frequency Phone Survey 2020-2023 - Burkina Faso
    Name
    High-Frequency Phone Survey 2020-2023 - Burkina Faso
    Access policy
    Published with package and can be accessed through the World Bank Microdata Library. The study used rounds 13,14 and 15.
    Data URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/3768
    Enquête Harmonisée sur le Conditions de Vie des Ménages 2018-2019 - Burkina Faso
    Name
    Enquête Harmonisée sur le Conditions de Vie des Ménages 2018-2019 - Burkina Faso
    Access policy
    Published with package and can be accessed through the World Bank Microdata Library.
    Data URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/4290
    High-Frequency Phone Survey 2020-2023 - Ethiopia
    Name
    High-Frequency Phone Survey 2020-2023 - Ethiopia
    Access policy
    Published with package and can be accessed through the World Bank Microdata Library. The study used rounds 14.
    Data URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/3716
    Socioeconomic Survey 2018-2019 - Ethiopia
    Name
    Socioeconomic Survey 2018-2019 - Ethiopia
    Access policy
    Published with package and can be accessed through the World Bank Microdata Library.
    Data URL
    https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/3823
    Socioeconomic impacts of COVID-19
    Name
    Socioeconomic impacts of COVID-19
    Note
    The study uses variables extracted from an analysis dataset that was built by Josephson et al. (2021): https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01096-7 . The code used to extract this dataset is publicly accessible at the link below. (1.Raw data/Harmonised HFPS data/lsms_paneldata.dta)
    Access policy
    Published with package
    Data URL
    https://github.com/aljosephson/wb_covid
    Degree of urbanization
    Name
    Degree of urbanization
    Access policy
    Published with package and can be accessed online. However, the data was extracted using confidential sets of coordinates, without offset. Therefore, the results may not yield exact reproducibility upon independent consultation.
    Data URL
    https://ghsl.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ghs_smod2019.php
    Inflation
    Name
    Inflation
    Access policy
    Published with package and can be accessed online. Variables used: Headline Consumer Price Index, Food Price Index, Energy Price Index, Official Core Consumer Price Index, Producer Price Index.
    Data URL
    https://data.imf.org/?sk=4ffb52b2-3653-409a-b471-d47b46d904b5&sid=1485878855236
    Harmonised High-Frequency Phone Surveys data
    Name
    Harmonised High-Frequency Phone Surveys data
    Note
    Some microdata from waves before those in which the economic sentiments module was implemented were harmonized and saved under the file (1.Raw data/Harmonised HFPS data/dataset_wb_hfps_panel.dta)
    Access policy
    Published with package
    Data statement

    All data is publicly accessible and included in the reproducibility package. The data folder structure is as follows: there is a 'Raw data' folder containing subfolders for each country, including Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Malawi, Nigeria, and Uganda. Within these country-specific folders, you will find high-frequency phone survey data and data from the household socioeconomic survey.
    In addition, you will find the folder Remote sensing, containing the data related to the degree of urbanization, included in the package, and also publicly available. For this dataset, It is important to note that the data was extracted using confidential sets of coordinates without offset. This means that a replicator who wishes to construct the data from scratch may not obtain the same results as the present analysis.
    Finally, you will find two extra folders Inflation, containing publicly available information about consumer indexes and Harmonised high-frequency phone survey data. You will find more information in the README and the individual data entries.

    Description

    Output
    Economic sentiments and expectations in Sub-Saharan Africa in a time of multiple shocks
    Type
    Working Paper
    Title
    Economic sentiments and expectations in Sub-Saharan Africa in a time of multiple shocks
    Authors
    Philip Wollburg, Thomas Bentze, Talip Kilic
    Description
    Policy Research Working Paper (PRWP) 10604
    URL
    http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099534511142334272/IDU0aaa58d140265a04ad308d9301eafc488f2cb
    DOI
    https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-10604
    Authors
    Author Affiliation Email
    Philip Wollburg World Bank pwollburg@worldbank.org
    Thomas Bentze World Bank tbentze@worldbank.org
    Talip Kilic World Bank tkilic@worldbank.org
    Date of production

    2023-10

    Scope and coverage

    Geographic locations
    Location Code
    Sub-Saharan Africa AFR
    Keywords
    Economic sentiments expectations shocks phone surveys Sub-Saharan Africa
    Topics
    ID Topic Parent topic ID Vocabulary URI
    C83 Survey Methods • Sampling Methods C8
    D84 Expectations • Speculations D8
    I31 General Welfare, Well-Being I3

    Disclaimer

    Disclaimer

    The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.

    Access and rights

    License
    Name URI
    Modified BSD3 https://opensource.org/license/bsd-3-clause/

    Contacts

    Contacts
    Name Affiliation Email
    Thomas Bentze World Bank tbentze@worldbank.org
    Reproducibility WBG World Bank reproducibility@worldbank.org

    Information on metadata

    Producers
    Name Abbreviation Affiliation Role
    Reyes Retana MRR World Bank Junior Data Scientist
    Date of Production

    2023-10-17

    Document version

    1

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