Reproducible Research Repository
Reproducible Research Repository
  • Home
  • Repository
  • Collections
  • About
    Home / Repository / FR / FR_WLD_2023_CR-1_V01
fr

Reproducibility package for Collapse and Recovery: How the COVID-19 Pandemic Eroded Human Capital and What to Do about It

2023
Get Reproducibility Package
Reference ID
FR_WLD_2023_CR-1_v01
DOI
https://doi.org/10.60572/j74c-2294
Author(s)
Margarita Isaacs, Diego Parra, Ritika D'Souza
Collections
Flagships and Reports
Metadata
JSON
Created on
Dec 13, 2023
Last modified
Mar 18, 2024
  • Project Description
  • Downloads
  • Overview
  • Reproducibility Package
  • Description
  • Scope and coverage
  • Disclaimer
  • Access and rights
  • Contacts
  • Information on metadata
  • Citation
  • Overview

    Abstract

    Worldwide, the COVID-19 pandemic has been an enormous shock to mortality, economies, and daily life. But what has received insufficient attention is the impact of the pandemic on the accumulation of human capital—the health, education, and skills—of young people. How large was the setback, and how far are we still from a recovery? Collapse and Recovery estimates the impacts of the pandemic on the human capital of young children, school-age children, and youth and discusses the urgent actions needed to reverse the damage. It shows that there was a collapse of human capital and that, unless that collapse is remedied, it is a time bomb for countries. Specifically, the report documents alarming declines in cognitive and social-emotional development among young children, which could translate into a 25 percent reduction in their earnings as adults. It finds that 1 billion children in low- and middle-income countries missed at least one year of in-person schooling. And despite enormous efforts in remote learning, children did not learn during the unprecedentedly long school closures, which could reduce future lifetime earnings around the world by US$21 trillion. The report quantifies the dramatic drops in employment and skills among youth that resulted from the pandemic as well as the substantial increase in the number of youth neither employed nor enrolled in education or training. In all of these age groups, the impacts of the pandemic were consistently worse for children from poorer backgrounds. These losses call for immediate action. The good news is that evidence-based policies can recover these losses. Collapse and Recovery reviews governments’ responses to the pandemic, assessing why there was a collapse in human capital accumulation, what was missing in the policy architecture to protect human capital during the crisis, and how governments can better prepare to withstand future shocks. It offers concrete policy recommendations to recover losses in human capital—programs that will end up paying for themselves in the long term. To better prepare for future shocks such as climate change and wars, the report emphasizes the need for solutions that bring health, education, and social protection programs together in an integrated human development system. If countries fail to act, the losses in human capital documented in this report will become permanent and last for multiple generations. The time to act is now.

    Reproducibility Package

    Scripts
    Readme Get Reproducibility Package
    Link: https://reproducibility.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/87/download/221/README.pdf
    Reproducibility package (starting from intermediate data) for Collapse and Recovery: How the COVID-19 Pandemic Eroded Human Capital and What to Do about It
    Title
    Reproducibility package (starting from intermediate data) for Collapse and Recovery: How the COVID-19 Pandemic Eroded Human Capital and What to Do about It
    Date
    2023-11
    Software
    Stata
    Dependencies
    renfiles, kountry, keeporder, schemepack
    Notes
    Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DIME) Analytics team, World Bank.
    Reproducibility package (raw data only) for Collapse and Recovery: How the COVID-19 Pandemic Eroded Human Capital and What to Do about It
    Title
    Reproducibility package (raw data only) for Collapse and Recovery: How the COVID-19 Pandemic Eroded Human Capital and What to Do about It
    Date
    2023-11
    Software
    Stata
    Source code repository
    Repository name URI
    Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank) https://reproducibility.worldbank.org
    Software
    Stata
    Name
    Stata
    Version
    17.0

    Reproducibility

    Technology environment

    OS: Windows 10 Enterprise, version 21H2
    Processor: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6226R CPU @ 2.9GHz (20 CPUs)
    Memory available: 128 GB
    Software version: Stata 17.0 MP

    Technology requirements

    Runtime:

    • Complete reproducibility package: 7 hours
    • Using only constructed data: 15 minutes
    Reproduction instructions

    Follow instructions in the README to reproduce the results.

    Data

    Datasets
    Argentina - Encuesta Permanente de Hogares (EPH)
    Name
    Argentina - Encuesta Permanente de Hogares (EPH)
    Access policy
    Data is public
    Data URL
    https://www.indec.gob.ar/indec/web/Institucional-Indec-BasesDeDatos
    Brazil - Continuous PNAD (Continuous National Household Sample Survey)
    Name
    Brazil - Continuous PNAD (Continuous National Household Sample Survey)
    Access policy
    Data is public
    Data URL
    https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/social/education/16809-quarterly-dissemination-pnad2.html?=&t=downloads
    Bulgaria - Eurostat (employment by sex, age, and educational attainment level)
    Name
    Bulgaria - Eurostat (employment by sex, age, and educational attainment level)
    Access policy
    Data is public
    Data URL
    https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/LFSQ_EGAED__custom_7425176/default/table?lang=en
    Bulgaria - Eurostat (population by sex, age, and educational attainment level)
    Name
    Bulgaria - Eurostat (population by sex, age, and educational attainment level)
    Access policy
    Data is public
    Data URL
    https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/LFSQ_PGAED__custom_7425357/default/table?lang=en
    Bulgaria - Eurostat (Young people neither in employment nor in education and training (NEET), by sex and age)
    Name
    Bulgaria - Eurostat (Young people neither in employment nor in education and training (NEET), by sex and age)
    Access policy
    Data is public
    Data URL
    https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/LFSI_NEET_Q__custom_7434810/default/table?lang=en
    Colombia - Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares (GEIH)
    Name
    Colombia - Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares (GEIH)
    Access policy
    Data is public
    Data URL
    https://www.datos.gov.co/Estad-sticas-Nacionales/Gran-Encuesta-Integrada-de-Hogares-GEIH/mcpt-3dws
    Ethiopia - Urban Employment and Unemployment Survey (UEUS)
    Name
    Ethiopia - Urban Employment and Unemployment Survey (UEUS)
    Access policy
    Data is confidential
    Ethiopia - Labor Force and Migration survey (LFMS)
    Name
    Ethiopia - Labor Force and Migration survey (LFMS)
    Access policy
    Data is confidential
    India - Consumer Pyramids Household Survey (CMIE)
    Name
    India - Consumer Pyramids Household Survey (CMIE)
    Access policy
    Data is restricted but available for purchase in the link below
    Data URL
    https://consumerpyramidsdx.cmie.com/
    Indonesia - National Socioeconomic Survey (SUSENAS)
    Name
    Indonesia - National Socioeconomic Survey (SUSENAS)
    Access policy
    Data is confidential
    Jordan - Tables of Employment and Unemployment - Department of Statistics, Amman
    Name
    Jordan - Tables of Employment and Unemployment - Department of Statistics, Amman
    Access policy
    Data is public
    Data URL
    http://www.dos.gov.jo/owa-user/owa/emp_unemp_number.p_select_y?lang=E
    Mexico - Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo (ENOE)
    Name
    Mexico - Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo (ENOE)
    Access policy
    Data is public
    Data URL
    https://www.inegi.org.mx/programas/enoe/15ymas/#Microdatos
    Morocco - ACTIVITÉ, EMPLOI ET CHÔMAGE (TRIMESTRIEL)
    Name
    Morocco - ACTIVITÉ, EMPLOI ET CHÔMAGE (TRIMESTRIEL)
    Access policy
    Reports are publicly available
    Data URL
    https://www.hcp.ma/downloads/
    Pakistan - Labor Force Survey (LFS)
    Name
    Pakistan - Labor Force Survey (LFS)
    Access policy
    Data is confidential
    Philippines - Labor Force Survey (LFS)
    Name
    Philippines - Labor Force Survey (LFS)
    Access policy
    Data is confidential
    South Africa - Quarterly Labour Force Survey
    Name
    South Africa - Quarterly Labour Force Survey
    Access policy
    Data is public
    Data URL
    https://www.datafirst.uct.ac.za/dataportal/index.php/catalog/888
    South Africa - Labour Market Dynamics in South Africa
    Name
    South Africa - Labour Market Dynamics in South Africa
    Access policy
    Data is public
    Data URL
    http://nesstar.statssa.gov.za:8282/webview/
    Turkey - Labor Force Survey (LFS)
    Name
    Turkey - Labor Force Survey (LFS)
    Access policy
    Reports are publicly available
    Data URL
    https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=Employment,-Unemployment-and-Wages-108
    Uruguay - Encuesta Continua de Hogares
    Name
    Uruguay - Encuesta Continua de Hogares
    Access policy
    Data is public
    Data URL
    https://www.ine.gub.uy/encuesta-continua-de-hogares1
    UNICEF - WUENIC (Immunization)
    Name
    UNICEF - WUENIC (Immunization)
    Access policy
    Data is public
    Data URL
    https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-health/immunization/
    UIS - Survey of National Education Responses to COVID-19 School Closures
    Name
    UIS - Survey of National Education Responses to COVID-19 School Closures
    Access policy
    Data is public
    Data URL
    https://covid19.uis.unesco.org/data/
    UIS - Global Monitoring of School Closures Caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic - Database of duration of school closures
    Name
    UIS - Global Monitoring of School Closures Caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic - Database of duration of school closures
    Access policy
    Data is public
    Data URL
    https://tcg.uis.unesco.org/survey-education-covid-school-closures/
    World Bank's Databank - World Development Indicators
    Name
    World Bank's Databank - World Development Indicators
    Access policy
    Data is public
    Data URL
    https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators.
    World Bank - Worldwide Governance Indicators
    Name
    World Bank - Worldwide Governance Indicators
    Access policy
    Data is public
    Data URL
    https://databank.worldbank.org/source/worldwide-governance-indicators
    Data statement
    • Data from Argentina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Colombia, Jordan, Mexico, South Africa, Uruguay, UNICEF, UIS, and the World Bank: all data is public. Raw data is not included in the current reproducibility package due to file size restrictions and will be added soon. Derived datasets with constructed data are included in the current reproducibility package.
    • Data from Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Philippines, and Vietnam: raw data is confidential and cannot be shared in the reproducibility package. Derived datasets with constructed data are included in the current reproducibility package.
    • Data from Morocco and Turkey: transcribed data from public reports are included in the current reproducibility package.

    Description

    Output
    Collapse and Recovery: How the COVID-19 Pandemic Eroded Human Capital and What to Do about It
    Type
    Book
    Title
    Collapse and Recovery: How the COVID-19 Pandemic Eroded Human Capital and What to Do about It
    Authors
    Norbert Schady, Alaka Holla, Shwetlena Sabarwal, Joana Silva, and Andres Yi Chang
    URL
    http://hdl.handle.net/10986/39403
    DOI
    https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1901-8
    Authors
    Author Affiliation Email
    Margarita Isaacs World Bank misaacsprieto@worldbank.org
    Diego Parra World Bank dparraalvarez@worldbank.org
    Ritika D'Souza World Bank rdsouza@worldbank.org
    Date of production

    2023-02

    Scope and coverage

    Geographic locations
    Location Code
    World WLD

    Disclaimer

    Disclaimer

    The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/the World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.

    Access and rights

    License
    Name URI
    Modified BSD3 https://opensource.org/license/bsd-3-clause/

    Contacts

    Contacts
    Name Affiliation Email
    Alaka Holla World Bank aholla@worldbank.org
    Reproducibility WB World Bank reproducibility@worldbank.org

    Information on metadata

    Producers
    Name Abbreviation Affiliation Role
    San Martin LESM World Bank Junior data scientist
    Date of Production

    2023-11-22

    Document version

    2

    Citation

    Citation
    loading, please wait...
    Citation format
    Export citation: RIS | BibTeX | Plain text
    Back to Catalog
    The World Bank Working for a World Free of Poverty
    • IBRD IDA IFC MIGA ICSID

    © The World Bank Group, All Rights Reserved.