Reproducibility package for To Have It All? Career And Family Of College-Educated Women In An Emerging Economy
Reference ID
RR_IDN_2026_573
Author(s)
Daniel Halim, Elghafiky Bimardhika
Collections
Metadata
Created on
Feb 13, 2026
Last modified
Feb 18, 2026
Overview
Abstract
Can college-educated women in rapidly developing economies balance career and family, or does compressed economic growth polarize their choices? This paper investigates how Indonesian women navigate these dual objectives across birth cohorts from the1950s to the 1990s. We utilize 38 years of Labor Force Survey data to examine aggregate cohort patterns and five rounds of Indonesia Family Life Survey panel data to trace individual life-cycle trajectories. We document increasing polarization among younger cohorts. Younger cohorts either delay marriage and stay in the labor force, or opt out of the labor force altogether post-marriage. We trace this divergence to two concurrent trends. First, more women enter time-demanding, high-skilled professions traditionally dominated by men. Second, rising conservatism among young men creates marriage market frictions leaving educated women with stark choices: conform to conservative family expectations by leaving work, or prioritize careers while delaying or forgoing family.
Reproducibility Package
Scripts
File name
RR_IDN_2026_573
Zip package
RR_IDN_2026_573.zip
Title
Reproducibility package for To Have It All? Career And Family Of College-Educated Women In An Emerging Economy
Date
2026-02
Dependencies
Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder.
Instructions
See README in reproducibility package.
Notes
Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.
Source code repository
| Repository name | URI |
|---|---|
| Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank) | https://reproducibility.worldbank.org |
Software
Name
Stata
Version
18 MP
Reproducibility
Technology environment
Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:
• OS: Windows 11 Enterprise
• Processor: INTEL(R) XEON(R) PLATINUM 8562Y+ 2.80 GHz (2 processors)
• Memory available: 32.0 GB
Technology requirements
Run time: ~ 30 minutes.
Reproduction instructions
To reproduce the findings in this paper, a replicator must:
- Secure Access to Data: Access the datasets not included in the package. See subsection Datasets for more details.
- Download and Place Data: Once the data is accessed, users should place it in the appropriate folder.
- Run the Package: After placing the data in the folder, run the files in the order:
- Update the global in line 11 of the do-file "0 master" to your folder's location and run the do-file.
Since all the data is not included, the package includes the results produced by replicators. These files can be used to review the results presented in the paper.
Data
Datasets
Name
Indonesia Family Life Survey (1993)
Note
Data accessed in 2024. Detailed list of files can be found in the README.
File location: 1 Data/1 Raw/1 IFLS/IFLS1
Access policy
Data is publicly available but does not allow redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package.
License URL
https://www.rand.org/site_info/terms-and-conditions.html
Data URL
https://www.rand.org/health/surveys/FLS/IFLS/access.html
Citation
Frankenberg, E. and L. Karoly. "The 1993 Indonesian Family Life Survey: Overview and Field Report." November, 1995. RAND, Santa Monica, CA.
Name
Indonesia Family Life Survey (1997)
Note
Data accessed in 2024. Detailed list of files can be found in the README.
File location: 1 Data/1 Raw/1 IFLS/IFLS2
Access policy
Data is publicly available but does not allow redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package.
License URL
https://www.rand.org/site_info/terms-and-conditions.html
Data URL
https://www.rand.org/health/surveys/FLS/IFLS/access.html
Citation
Frankenberg, E. and D. Thomas. "The Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS): Study Design and Results from Waves 1 and 2." March 2000. RAND, Santa Monica, CA. DRU-2238/1-NIA/NICHD.
Name
Indonesia Family Life Survey (2000)
Note
Data accessed in 2024. Detailed list of files can be found in the README.
File location: 1 Data/1 Raw/1 IFLS/IFLS3
Access policy
Data is publicly available but does not allow redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package.
License URL
https://www.rand.org/site_info/terms-and-conditions.html
Data URL
https://www.rand.org/health/surveys/FLS/IFLS/access.html
Citation
Strauss, J., K. Beegle, B. Sikoki, A. Dwiyanto, Y. Herawati and F. Witoelar. "The Third Wave of the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS): Overview and Field Report", March 2004. WR-144/1-NIA/NICHD.
Name
Indonesia Family Life Survey (2007)
Note
Data accessed in 2024. Detailed list of files can be found in the README.
File location: 1 Data/1 Raw/1 IFLS/IFLS4
Access policy
Data is publicly available but does not allow redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package.
License URL
https://www.rand.org/site_info/terms-and-conditions.html
Data URL
https://www.rand.org/health/surveys/FLS/IFLS/access.html
Citation
Strauss, J., F. Witoelar, B. Sikoki and A.M. Wattie. "The Fourth Wave of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS4): Overview and Field Report". April 2009. WR-675/1-NIA/NICHD.
Name
Indonesia Family Life Survey (2014)
Note
Data accessed in 2024. Detailed list of files can be found in the README.
File location: 1 Data/1 Raw/1 IFLS/IFLS5
Access policy
Data is publicly available but does not allow redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package.
License URL
https://www.rand.org/site_info/terms-and-conditions.html
Data URL
https://www.rand.org/health/surveys/FLS/IFLS/access.html
Citation
Strauss, J., F. Witoelar, and B. Sikoki. "The Fifth Wave of the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS5): Overview and Field Report". March 2016. WR-1143/1-NIA/NICHD.
Name
World Values Survey: Round Four
Note
Data accessed in 2024.
Files: 1 Data/1 Raw/6 WVS/wvs4-all.dta
Access policy
Data is publicly available but does not allow redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package.
License URL
https://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSDocumentationWV4.jsp
Data URL
https://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSDocumentationWV4.jsp
Citation
Inglehart, R., C. Haerpfer, A. Moreno, C. Welzel, K. Kizilova, J. Diez-Medrano, M. Lagos, P. Norris, E. Ponarin & B. Puranen et al. (eds.). 2014. World Values Survey: Round Four - Country-Pooled Datafile Version: www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSDocumentationWV4.jsp. Madrid: JD Systems Institute.
Name
World Values Survey: Round Five
Note
Data accessed in 2024.
Files: 1 Data/1 Raw/6 WVS/wvs5-all.dta
Access policy
Data is publicly available but does not allow redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package.
License URL
https://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSDocumentationWV5.jsp
Data URL
https://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSDocumentationWV5.jsp
Citation
Inglehart, R., C. Haerpfer, A. Moreno, C. Welzel, K. Kizilova, J. Diez-Medrano, M. Lagos, P. Norris, E. Ponarin & B. Puranen et al. (eds.). 2014. World Values Survey: Round Five - Country-Pooled Datafile Version: www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSDocumentationWV5.jsp. Madrid: JD Systems Institute.
Name
World Values Survey: Round Seven
Note
Data accessed in 2024.
Files: 1 Data/1 Raw/6 WVS/wvs7-all.dta
Access policy
Data is publicly available but does not allow redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package.
License URL
https://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSDocumentationWV7.jsp
Data URL
https://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSDocumentationWV7.jsp
Citation
Haerpfer, C., Inglehart, R., Moreno, A., Welzel, C., Kizilova, K., Diez-Medrano J., M. Lagos, P. Norris, E. Ponarin & B. Puranen (eds.). 2022. World Values Survey: Round Seven – Country-Pooled Datafile Version 6.0. Madrid, Spain & Vienna, Austria: JD Systems Institute & WVSA Secretariat. doi:10.14281/18241.24
Name
World Development Indicators
Note
Data accessed in 2024. Indicators accessed: School enrollment, tertiary, female (% gross); School enrollment, tertiary, male (% gross); School enrollment, tertiary (% gross). Country: Indonesia. Time: 1960 - 2023.
Files: 1 Data/1 Raw/8 WDI/wdi_tertiaryeduc.xlsx
Access policy
Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.
License
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
License URL
https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/legal/terms-of-use-for-datasets
Data URL
https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators
Citation
World Bank. 2024. "World Development Indicators" [dataset]. Indicator accessed: School enrollment, tertiary, female (% gross); School enrollment, tertiary, male (% gross); School enrollment, tertiary (% gross). Accessed in 2024. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators
Name
Occupation Code
Note
Author compiled dataset. Includes a list of occupations and the related codes.
Files: 1 Data/1 Raw/1 IFLS/IFLS Occupation Code/Occupation Code.xlsx
Access policy
Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.
Citation
Halim, Daniel. 2024. Occupation Code.xlsx. Author-generated dataset prepared for “To Have It All? Career and Family of College-Graduate Women in an Emerging Economy.”
Name
Sakernas (1986-2023)
Note
Indonesia’s nationally representative labor force survey, Sakernas is collected twice a year by the national statistics office. It is designed to closely monitor labor market dynamics. It contains granular information about employment, including the type of work and work hours. Detailed list of files can be found in the README.
File location:1 Data/1 Raw/2 Sakernas/
Access policy
Data access was granted directly to the study authors by the data owners/managers. It was obtained with a custom data license that does not allow for redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package.
Citation
Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia. 1986-2023. "Survei Ketenagakerjaan Nasional [dataset]," Accessed via BPS [distributor], 2024-06-10.
Name
Susenas: Round March 2023
Note
Indonesia’s nationally representative socioeconomic survey, Susenas is also collected twice a year by the national statistics office, and is intended to capture broader demographic and socioeconomic indicators, such as fertility, migration, consumption, and poverty.
Files: 1 Data/1 Raw/3 Susenas/sus2023/kor23ind.dta
Access policy
Data access was granted directly to the study authors by the data owners/managers. It was obtained with a custom data license that does not allow for redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package.
Citation
Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia. 2023. "Survei Sosioekonomi Nasional [dataset]," Accessed via BPS [distributor], 2024-06-10.
Data statement
Some data is restricted and has not been included in the reproducibility package. For more details, please refer to the README file.
Description
Output
Type
Working Paper
Title
To Have It All? Career And Family Of College-Educated Women In An Emerging Economy
Description
Policy Research Working Papers (PRWP)
Authors
| Author | Affiliation | |
|---|---|---|
| Daniel Halim | World Bank | dhalim@worldbank.org |
| Elghafiky Bimardhika | World Bank, Australian National University | Elghafiky.Bimardhika@alumni.anu.edu.au |
Date of production
2026-02-11
Scope and coverage
Geographic locations
| Location | Code |
|---|---|
| Indonesia | IDN |
Keywords
College Graduates
Female Employment
Marriage
Indonesia
Topics
Disclaimer
Disclaimer
The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.
Access and rights
License
| Name | URI |
|---|---|
| Modified BSD3 | https://opensource.org/license/bsd-3-clause/ |
Contacts
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | |
|---|---|---|
| Daniel Halim | World Bank | dhalim@worldbank.org |
| Reproducibility WBG | World Bank | reproducibility@worldbank.org |
Information on metadata
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reproducibility WBG | DECDI | World Bank - Development Impact Department | Verification and preparation of metadata |
Date of Production
2026-02-11
Document version
1