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PRWP

Reproducibility Package for Conflicts And Firm Outcomes: Evidence From West Bank And Gaza Over The Last Decade

2026
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Reference ID
RR_PSE_2026_555
Author(s)
Jingyuan Deng, Gianluca Mele
Collections
World Bank Policy Research Working Papers
Metadata
JSON
Created on
Feb 18, 2026
Last modified
Feb 24, 2026
  • Overview
  • Reproducibility Package
  • Description
  • Scope and coverage
  • Disclaimer
  • Access and rights
  • Contacts
  • Information on metadata

    • Overview

    Abstract

    This paper presents novel firm-level evidence - based on an enterprise survey from June 2025 - on the impact of conflict exposure on firm performance in a setting characterized by chronic instability. We find that, even under persistent conflict conditions, exposure significantly reduces firm sales and propensity to invest, with the former’s magnitude being consistent with prior literature findings. We further find that a key mechanism driving this outcome is conflict-induced power outage, which exhibit an elasticity close to unity. Power outages account for roughly one third of the overall impact of conflict exposure on sales in the West Bank and Gaza. We also find that smaller firms tend to de-prioritize concerns over taxation and corruption under conflict exposure, whereas larger firms and exporters maintain these concerns and place greater emphasis on access to finance and political instability, respectively.

    Reproducibility Package

    Scripts
    Get Reproducibility Package
    File name
    RR_PSE_2026_555
    Zip package
    RR_PSE_2026_555.zip
    Title
    Reproducibility package for Conflicts And Firm Outcomes: Evidence From West Bank And Gaza Over The Last Decade
    Date
    2026-02
    Dependencies
    R dependencies are listed in the file renv.lock.
    Instructions
    See README in reproducibility package.
    Notes
    Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.
    Source code repository
    Repository name URI
    Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank) https://reproducibility.worldbank.org
    Software
    Name
    R
    Version
    4.5.1

    Reproducibility

    Technology environment

    Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:
    • OS: Windows 11 Enterprise, version 25H2
    • Processor: Intel(R) Core(TM) Ultra 7 165U (2.10 GHz)
    • Memory available: 31.5 GB
    Technology requirements

    Runtime: 10 minutes.
    Reproduction instructions

    1. Access the data: none of the datasets required to run the reproducibility package are included in the reproducibility package. Users need to gain access to the data before being able to run the entire code. See the section Datasets for more information.
    2. Reproduce the programming environment or install all dependencies: Replicate the environment with the file "renv.lock" included in the reproducibility package, or manually install the packages listed at the beginning of "code.R".
    3. Run the code: Run "code.R" to reproduce all results.

    Since not all the data are included, the package includes the results produced in the reproducibility verification in the folder "Outputs". These can be used to review the results presented in the paper.

    Data

    Datasets
    Name
    Armed Conflict Location & Event Data (ACLED)
    Note
    Source: ACLED. Data was downloaded from the data URL by selecting the dates from 1900-01-01 to 2025-02-26 (yyyy-mm-dd) and country Palestine, selecting "population_1km", "population_2km", "population_5km", "population_best", and Data file: "Data/ACLED data/1900-01-01-2025-02-26-Palestine.csv". Data was accessed in March 2025.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available but does not allow redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package.
    License URL
    https://acleddata.com/terms-and-conditions
    Data URL
    https://acleddata.com/conflict-data/data-export-tool
    Citation
    Raleigh, C., Kishi, R., Linke, A. “Political instability patterns are obscured by conflict dataset scope conditions, sources, and coding choices” Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 25 February 2023. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01559-4
    Name
    World Bank Enterprise Surveys
    Note
    Source: World Bank. Data files: "Data/WBES/2019/West Bank and Gaza-2019-full data.dta", "Data/WBES/2023/West-Bank-and-Gaza-2023-full-data.dta", "Data/WBES/Panel/West-Bank-and-Gaza-2006-2013-2019-2023.dta". Data was accessed in March 2025.
    Access policy
    Data access requires human approval and is not included in the reproducibility package.
    License URL
    https://www.enterprisesurveys.org/en/citing-the-data
    Data URL
    https://login.enterprisesurveys.org/content/sites/financeandprivatesector/en/signin.html
    Citation
    World Bank. 2025. "World Bank Enterprise Surveys" [dataset]. https://login.enterprisesurveys.org/content/sites/financeandprivatesector/en/signin.html. Accessed March 2025.
    Name
    World Bank Enterprise Surveys - GPS masked data for Palestine
    Note
    Source: World Bank. The dataset is an augmented version from the public WBES dataset for Palestine for 2019, 2023, and 2024, that includes masked GPS firm location coordinates. Data was requested by email to enterprisesurveys@worldbank.org. Data files: "Data/WBES/2019/GPS_WBG 2019_April_04_2024-MASKED.dta", "Data/WBES/2023/GPS_WBG 2023_April_04_2024-MASKED.dta", "Data/WBES/2024/Round 1 Follow Up Anonymized.dta". Data was accessed in March 2025.
    Access policy
    Data access was granted directly to the study authors by the data owners. It was obtained with a custom data license that does not allow for redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package.
    Citation
    World Bank. n.d. "World Bank Enterprise Surveys - GPS masked data for Palestine" [dataset]. Unpublished data. Accessed March 2025.
    Name
    Database of Global Administrative Areas (GADM)
    Note
    Source: GADM. Data was downloaded from the data URL by selecting the country Palestine and "Shapefile". All data files are listed in the README. Data was accessed in March 2025.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available but does not allow redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package.
    License
    GADM license
    License URL
    https://gadm.org/license.html
    Data URL
    https://gadm.org/download_country.html
    Citation
    GADM. n.d. "Database of Global Administrative Areas (GADM)" [dataset]. https://gadm.org/download_country.html Accessed March 2025.
    Data statement

    Some data is restricted and has not been included in the reproducibility package.

    Description

    Output
    Type
    Working Paper
    Title
    Conflicts And Firm Outcomes: Evidence From West Bank And Gaza Over The Last Decade
    Description
    Policy Research Working Papers (PRWP)
    Authors
    Author Affiliation Email
    Jingyuan Deng University of Oxford jingyuan.deng@economics.ox.ac.uk
    Gianluca Mele World Bank gmele@worldbank.org
    Date of production

    2026-02-17

    Scope and coverage

    Geographic locations
    Location Code
    Palestine PSE
    Keywords
    Firm Growth Performance Conflict Econometrics Business Fcv
    Topics
    ID Topic Parent topic ID Vocabulary Vocabulary URI
    D21 Firm Behavior: Theory D2 Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)
    D74 Conflict • Conflict Resolution • Alliances • Revolutions D7 Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)
    C1 Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General C Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)
    L25 Firm Performance: Size, Diversification, and Scope L2 Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)
    Q4 Energy Q Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)

    Disclaimer

    Disclaimer

    The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.

    Access and rights

    License
    Name URI
    Modified BSD3 https://opensource.org/license/bsd-3-clause/

    Contacts

    Contacts
    Name Affiliation Email
    Gianluca Mele World Bank gmele@worldbank.org
    Reproducibility WBG World Bank reproducibility@worldbank.org

    Information on metadata

    Producers
    Name Abbreviation Affiliation Role
    Reproducibility WBG DECDI World Bank - Development Impact Department Verification and preparation of metadata
    Date of Production

    2026-02-17
    Document version

    1
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