Reproducibility package for The Nurturing State: How Governments Can Promote Early Childhood Development In The Middle East And North Africa

Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS)

Source: United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF), Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS). Access date: March 2026. File location: "data\raw\MICS".

Data access requires purchase or human approval and is not included in the reproducibility package.

Custom license

https://mics.unicef.org/surveys

UNICEF. (2026). "Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS)" [dataset]. United Nations Children's Fund. https://mics.unicef.org/surveys. Accessed March 2026.

Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) – Jordan

Source: The DHS Program. Version DHS-7, 2017-18. Access date: March 2026. File location: "data\raw\MICS\Unzip\jordan_dhs".

Data access requires purchase or human approval and is not included in the reproducibility package.

Custom license

https://dhsprogram.com/Data/terms-of-use.cfm

https://dhsprogram.com/data/available-datasets.cfm

The DHS Program. (2026). "Jordan Demographic and Health Survey" [dataset]. https://dhsprogram.com/data/available-datasets.cfm. Accessed March 2026.

Pre-primary Education Indicators

Source: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Institute for Statistics. Indicators used: preprimary net enrollment rate, preprimary expenditure relative to GDP, public/private provision of preprimary education. Access date: April 2026. File location: "data\ch1\data"; "data\ch3\data". File names: PPRIM_ner.csv; PPRIM_NER.csv; PPRIM_GDP.csv; PPRIM_PU_PR.csv; PPRIM_SAP.

Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.

Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

https://databrowser.uis.unesco.org/browser

UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2026). "UIS Data Browser" [dataset]. UNESCO. https://databrowser.uis.unesco.org/browser. Accessed April 2026.

World Development Indicators (WDI)

Source: World Bank. Indicators used: Prevalence of stunting, height for age (modeled estimate, % of children under 5) (SH.​STA.​STNT.​ME.​ZS); Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) (SH.​DYN.​MORT); Prevalence of overweight, weight for height (modeled estimate, % of children under 5) (SH.​STA.​OWGH.​ME.​ZS); Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births)(SH.​STA.​MMRT); PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (micrograms per cubic meter) (EN.​ATM.​PM25.​MC.​M3); Population, total (SP.​POP.​TOTL). Access date: April 2026. File location: "data\ch1\data"; "data\ch2\data"; "data\ch3\data". File names: Stunt_0023.dta; MortU5_2023.dta; Lny_2023.dta; ATM_PM25.dta; TotPop_2020.dta; Overw_2024.dta; Stunt_2024.dta; MMort_2023.dta; Lny_1523.dta.

Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)

https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/public-licenses?fragment=cc

https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators

World Bank. (2026). "World Development Indicators" [dataset]. World Bank. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators. Accessed April 2026.

World Population Prospects 2024

Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Access date: April 2026. File location: "data\ch1\data". File names: WPP_0yo.dta; WPP_3_4yo.dta; WPP_4yo.dta.

Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO (CC BY 3.0 IGO)

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/

https://population.un.org/wpp/

United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. (2024). "World Population Prospects 2024" [dataset]. United Nations. https://population.un.org/wpp/. Accessed April 2026.

Female Labour Force Participation Rate

Source: International Labour Organization Statistics database, ILOSTAT. Access date: April 2026. File location: "data\ch4\data". File names: FLFP.csv.

Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/?cat_mode=subject

International Labour Organization. (2026). "ILOSTAT" [dataset]. ILO. https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/. Accessed April 2026.

Mental Health Workforce Density

Source: World Health Organization, Global Health Observatory. Indicators used: Psychiatrists working in mental health sector (per 100,000); Mental health: nurses working in mental health sector (per 100,000); Mental health services: social workers working in mental health sector (per 100,000); Psychologists working in mental health sector (per 100,000). Access date: April 2026. File location: "data\ch2\data". File names: MHW_1617.csv.

Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.

Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Intergovernmental Organization (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO)

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo/

https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/indicator-groups/indicator-group-details/GHO/mental-health-workers

World Health Organization. (2020). "Global Health Observatory" [dataset]. WHO. https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators. Accessed April 2026.

Maternal, Newborn and Child Health and Nutrition Indicators

Source: United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF). Indicators used: Percentage of surviving infants who received the third dose of DTP-containing vaccine; Antenatal care 4+ visits - percentage of women (aged 15-49 years) attended at least four times during pregnancy by any provider; Postnatal care for mothers - percentage of women (aged 15-49 years) who received postnatal care within 2 days of giving birth; Skilled birth attendant - percentage of deliveries attended by skilled health personnel; Egg and/or flesh foods consumption (6-23months); Exclusive breastfeeding (0-5 months); Introduction to solid, semi-solid foods (6-8 months); Minimum acceptable diet (children aged 6-23 months); Diarrhoea treatment - percentage of children (under age 5) with diarrhoea who received ORT (oral rehydration salts or recommended homemade fluids or increased fluids) and continued feeding; Zero vegetable or fruit consumption (6-23months). Access date: April 2026. File location: "data\ch1\data"; "data\ch2\data". File names: DPT3_0024.csv; ANC4_UR_a15.csv; ANC4_w5_a15.csv; Care_tab22_a15.csv; CEgFl_a15.csv; EXBF_w5_a15.csv; Feed_tab21_a15.csv; MAD_w5_a15.csv; Qual_tab23_a15.csv; ZEFOFV_a15.csv.

Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.

Custom license

https://www.unicef.org/legal

https://data.unicef.org/dv_index/

UNICEF. (2026). "UNICEF Data Warehouse" [dataset]. United Nations Children's Fund. https://data.unicef.org/dv_index/. Accessed April 2026.

Our World in Data

Source: Our World in Data. Indicator used: Share of population that cannot afford a healthy diet. Access date: April 2026. File location: "data\ch2\data". File names: HDUnaff_24.csv.

Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-healthy-diet-unaffordable

Our World in Data. (2026). "Our World in Data" [dataset]. Global Change Data Lab. https://ourworldindata.org. Accessed April 2026.

ASPIRE: The Atlas of Social Protection Indicators of Resilience and Equity

Source: World Bank. Access date: December 2025. File location: "data\ch1"; "data\ch4". File names: ASPIRE Data Export.xlsx.

Data access was granted directly to the study authors by the data owners/managers. It was obtained with a custom data license that does not allow for redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package. Available to World Bank Staff only.

https://radweb.worldbank.org/aspire/home

World Bank. (2025). "ASPIRE: The Atlas of Social Protection Indicators of Resilience and Equity – Administrative Data" [dataset]. World Bank. https://radweb.worldbank.org/aspire/home. Accessed December 2025.

World Bank Official Boundaries

Source: World Bank Data. Access date: April 2026. File location: "data\map". File names: World Bank Official Boundaries - Admin 0_all_layers.zip; shapefile components; WB2025_data.dta; WB2025_coord.dta; spmaplabels.dta.

Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)

https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/public-licenses?fragment=cc

https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/search/dataset/0038272/World-Bank-Official-Boundaries

World Bank. (2025). "World Bank Official Boundaries" [dataset]. World Bank. https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/search/dataset/0038272/World-Bank-Official-Boundaries. Accessed April 2026.

Global Burden of Disease Study Data

Source: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), Global Burden of Disease Study 2023. Indicators used: prevalence of mental disorders among women ages 15-49, by type (Chapter 2). Access date: April 2026. File location: "data\ch2\data". File names: Chapter_2_GBD.xlsx.

Data is publicly available but does not allow redistribution and is not included in the reproducibility package.

IHME Free-of-Charge Non-Commercial User Agreement

https://www.healthdata.org/Data-tools-practices/data-practices/ihme-free-charge-non-commercial-user-agreement

https://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-2023

Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). (2025). "Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 (GBD 2023) Results" [dataset]. IHME, University of Washington. https://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-2023. Accessed April 2026.

Acute Food Insecurity

Source: Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC). Access date: April 2026. File location: "data\ch2". File names: Chapter_2_Exhibits.xlsx.

Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.

Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share-Alike 3.0 IGO (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO)

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo/

https://www.ipcinfo.org/ipc-country-analysis/population-tracking-tool/en/

Integrated Food Security Phase Classification. (2026). "Acute Food Insecurity" [dataset]. https://www.ipcinfo.org/ipcinfo-website/ipc-dashboard/en/. Accessed April 2026.

Nutrition and Food Policy Classifications

Source: Authors' compilation from WHO (2022), the Global SSB Tax Database (2023), the Global Fortification Data Exchange, and Al-Jawaldeh and Jabbour (2022). Access date: April 2026. File location: classifications encoded in "code\ch2\dofiles". File names: ch2_map01.do; ch2_map02.do.

Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.

Authors' compilation. 2026. Nutrition and Food Policy Classifications for the Middle East and North Africa [dataset]. Based on WHO (2022), the Global SSB Tax Database (2023), the Global Fortification Data Exchange, and Al-Jawaldeh and Jabbour (2022).

Reproducibility package for Children In Monetary Poor Households

Source: Ibarra et al. (2025) and the World Bank Reproducible Research Repository (RR_WLD_2025_450). Access date: December 2025. File location: "data\ch4\CPR_reprod_package".

Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.

Modified BSD3

https://opensource.org/license/bsd-3-clause/

https://reproducibility.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/401

World Bank. 2025. "Reproducibility package for Children in Monetary Poor Households: Global, Regional, and Select National Trends in the Progress Against Child Poverty" [dataset]. Reproducible Research Repository. https://doi.org/10.60572/9C9A-RR15.

Chapter-specific curated spreadsheets

Source: Authors' compilation from referenced publications, country questionnaires, World Bank country-team consultations, government reports and administrative sources. Specific sources listed in each Excel sheet. File location: "data\ch2"; "data\ch4"; "data\ch5". File names: Chapter_2_Exhibits.xlsx; Chapter_4_Exhibits.xlsx; Chapter_5_Exhibits.xlsx.

Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.

Authors' compilation. 2026. MENA Early Childhood Development Flagship Curated Exhibits [dataset]. World Bank, The Nurturing State: How Governments Can Promote Early Childhood Development in the Middle East and North Africa.