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Reproducibility package for Building Human Capital Where It Matters: Homes, Neighborhoods, And Workplaces

2026
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Reference ID
FR_WLD_2026_570
Author(s)
Norbert Schady, Joana Silva, Alaka Holla
Collections
Flagships and Reports
Metadata
JSON
Created on
Feb 09, 2026
Last modified
Mar 19, 2026
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  • Overview

    Abstract

    The flagship report is structured around five chapters. Chapter 1 discusses why we should care about human capital, whether poor countries have increased their levels of human capital, and the importance of settings for human capital policy. Chapter 2 discusses human capital accumulation in the home. Chapter 3 discusses human capital accumulation in the neighborhood. Chapter 4 discusses human capital accumulation in the workplace. Chapter 5 discusses how to build more human capital at home, in neighborhoods, and at work.

    Reproducibility Package

    Scripts
    Readme Get Reproducibility Package
    Link: https://reproducibility.worldbank.org/catalog/461/download/1465/README.pdf
    Reproducibility package for Building Human Capital Where It Matters: Homes, Neighborhoods, And Workplaces
    File name
    FR_WLD_2026_570
    Zip package
    FR_WLD_2026_570.zip
    Title
    Reproducibility package for Building Human Capital Where It Matters: Homes, Neighborhoods, And Workplaces
    Date
    2026-03
    Dependencies
    R dependencies are listed in the file renv.lock. Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder.
    Instructions
    See README in reproducibility package.
    Notes
    Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.
    Source code repository
    Repository name URI
    Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank) https://reproducibility.worldbank.org
    Software
    R
    Name
    R
    Version
    4.5.2
    Stata
    Name
    Stata
    Version
    19.5

    Reproducibility

    Technology environment

    Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:
    • OS: Windows 11 Enterprise
    • Processor: INTEL(R) XEON(R) PLATINUM 8562Y+, 2800 Mhz, 8 Core(s), 8 Logical Processor(s)
    • Memory available: 122 GB

    Technology requirements

    Runtime: 30 minutes.

    Reproduction instructions

    To reproduce the findings in this study, a new user needs to follow the next steps:

    1. Get access to the restricted/limited access data.
    2. Open the RStudio Project file (./Human-Capital-Flagship-2025.Rproj) included in the repository. Alternatively, if you do not open the R Project, the working directory will still be set automatically using the .here file included in the repository.
    3. Restore the R package environment (important): This repository uses the {renv} package to manage R package versions and ensure full reproducibility. Before running any scripts, open ./master_flagship.R and run line 24 once to restore the package environment: renv::restore()
    4. Manually set the paths for Stata and R: The system-specific paths for Stata and R must be configured manually in the master R script ./master_flagship.R (lines 32 and 37) and in the Workplaces master .do file ./Workplaces/code/01_master_file.do (line 54). Update these to match your local installation locations.
    5. Run the analysis: All results in the report can be reproduced by running the master R script ./master_flagship.R. Review the README files in each chapter directory for specific instructions; the path setup for each chapter depends on the working directory of the master R-Script.
      Note: Since a lot of the data is restricted or limited access, the results obtained by the replicators are included in the reproducibility package in the folder outputs for each chapter.

    Data

    Datasets
    World Development Indicators (WDI)
    Name
    World Development Indicators (WDI)
    Note
    Indicators downloaded July 2025. Includes GDP, poverty, labor force participation, population, stunting, GDP per capita, constant 2015 USD, log-transformed Processed via raw_data_pull.R, but also included in the package, because the data might update, and this would change the results. File location: Chapter-1/data/wb_data_stocktaking.csv; Chapter-1/data/wb_data_population.csv; Chapter-1/data/wb_data_stunting.csv; Chapter-1/data/wb_country_metadata.csv; Homes/data/mics/auxiliar/pop_1723.dta; Homes/data/mics/auxiliar/lny_2020.dta; Interludes/data/auxiliar/pop_2024.dta.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.
    License
    Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)
    License URL
    https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/legal/terms-of-use-for-datasets
    Data URL
    https://datatopics.worldbank.org/world-development-indicators/
    Citation
    World Bank. (2025). "World Development Indicators" [dataset]. https://datatopics.worldbank.org/world-development-indicators. Accessed on July 2025.
    International Labour Organization (ILOSTAT)
    Name
    International Labour Organization (ILOSTAT)
    Note
    Labor force participation, employment structure, wage employment shares, and population size. Processed via raw_data_pull.R, but also included in the package, because the data might update, and this would change the results. File location: Chapter-1/data/ilo_education_work_data.csv; Chapter-1/data/hci_onjob_trend_data.csv; Chapter-1/data/lfp_modeled.dta; Chapter-1/data/lfp_survey.dta; Chapter-1/data/emp_structure_modeled.dta; Chapter-1/data/emp_structure_survey.dta; Chapter-1/data/pop_data_modeled.dta.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.
    License
    Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)
    License URL
    https://www.ilo.org/rights-and-permissions#data
    Data URL
    https://ilostat.ilo.org/
    Citation
    International Labour Organization. (2025). "ILOSTAT Database" [dataset]. https://ilostat.ilo.org. Accessed on July 2025.
    UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS)
    Name
    UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS)
    Note
    Net enrollment rates by income group (2024 classification). File location: Chapter-1/data/ner_prim_inc2024.dta; Chapter-1/data/ner_sec_inc2024.dta.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.
    License
    Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International license
    License URL
    https://databrowser.uis.unesco.org/terms-and-conditions
    Data URL
    https://databrowser.uis.unesco.org/
    Citation
    UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2024). "UIS Data Centre" [dataset]. https://uis.unesco.org. Accessed on 2024.
    OECD Education Database
    Name
    OECD Education Database
    Note
    Used for tertiary education indicators, integrated with WIDE data. File location: Chapter-1/data/final_ter_WIDE_OECD_v1.dta.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.
    License
    Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)
    License URL
    https://www.oecd.org/en/about/terms-conditions.html
    Data URL
    https://data-explorer.oecd.org/
    Citation
    OECD. (2024). "OECD Education Database" [dataset]. https://data-explorer.oecd.org/. Accessed on 2024.
    World Inequality Database on Education (WIDE)
    Name
    World Inequality Database on Education (WIDE)
    Note
    Tertiary completion rates (ages 18–24) based on harmonized household surveys. File location: Chapter-1/data/tertiary_18to24_data.dta.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.
    License
    WIDE Terms and Conditions
    License URL
    https://www.education-inequalities.org/terms-and-conditions
    Data URL
    https://www.education-inequalities.org/
    Citation
    UNESCO. (2024). "World Inequality Database on Education (WIDE)" [dataset]. https://www.education-inequalities.org. Accessed on 2024.
    NCD-RisC Human Height Data (via Our World in Data)
    Name
    NCD-RisC Human Height Data (via Our World in Data)
    Note
    Adult height by birth cohort (1966–1996). Processed via raw_data_pull.R, but also included in the package, because the data might update, and this would change the results. File location: Chapter-1/data/height_trend_data.csv; Chapter-1/data/height_data.csv.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.
    License
    Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)
    License URL
    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    Data URL
    https://ourworldindata.org/human-height
    Citation
    NCD Risk Factor Collaboration. (2017). "Human Height Data" [dataset]. Processed by Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/human-height. Accessed on 2025.
    Harmonized Learning Outcomes (HLO) Database
    Name
    Harmonized Learning Outcomes (HLO) Database
    Note
    Harmonized international and regional assessments (2010–2020), gender-disaggregated. File location: Chapter-1/data/hlo_2025_new_educgp.dta; Chapter-1/data/eys_lays_2015_hlo_2020_gender.dta.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.
    License
    Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)
    License URL
    https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/int/public-licenses?fragment=cc
    Data URL
    https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/search/dataset/0038001/Harmonized-Learning-Outcomes--HLO--Database
    Citation
    World Bank. (2025). "Harmonized Learning Outcomes (HLO) Database" [dataset]. https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/search/dataset/0038001/Harmonized-Learning-Outcomes--HLO--Database
    Crosswalk between ISO3C codes and UN GeoAreaCodes
    Name
    Crosswalk between ISO3C codes and UN GeoAreaCodes
    Note
    Constructed dataset mapping ISO3C country codes to UN GeoAreaCodes. File location: Chapter-1/data/iso_codes.csv.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.
    Citation
    World Bank. (2025). "Crosswalk between ISO3C codes and UN GeoAreaCodes" [dataset]. World Bank staff analysis.
    World Bank Country and Lending Groups
    Name
    World Bank Country and Lending Groups
    Note
    Historical country income classification data, downloaded July 2025. File location: Chapter-1/data/OGHIST_2025_07_01.xlsx.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.
    License
    Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)
    License URL
    https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    Data URL
    https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups
    Citation
    World Bank. (2025). "World Bank Country and Lending Groups" [dataset]. https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups. Accessed on July 2025.
    China Family Panel Studies (CFPS)
    Name
    China Family Panel Studies (CFPS)
    Note
    Used to identify left-behind status of children in rural China, household annual income, vocabulary and math test scores, and reported depression; and for China travel time calculations (Figure 3.3). Access requires registration at the CFPS website. File location: Homes/data/cfps/panel_data.dta; Interludes/data/CHN_comp.dta.zip; Neighborhoods/data/Time travel/China_Data/CFPS/China.dta.
    Access policy
    Data access requires purchase or human approval and is not included in the reproducibility package.
    License
    CFPS Terms and Conditions
    License URL
    https://cfpsdata.pku.edu.cn/#/home
    Data URL
    https://www.isss.pku.edu.cn/cfps/en/
    Citation
    Institute of Social Science Survey, Peking University. (2020). "China Family Panel Studies (CFPS)" [dataset]. https://www.isss.pku.edu.cn/cfps/en.
    Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS)
    Name
    Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS)
    Note
    This analysis utilizes the UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) program, using the latest available Round 5 or 6 for each country. The study incorporates five core modules: HH (Household); HL (Household Members); CH (Children <5); FS (Children 5–17); WM (Women 15–49); Input Directory: Raw survey .zip files must be placed in Homes/data/mics/raw/MICS_5/ or MICS_6/ as appropriate. The specific surveys required are listed in the data_hash_report.csv provided in the reproducibility package. The script 11_MICS_SPSS.do handles the unzipping and organization of these files into their final analysis folders.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available but does not allow republication and is not included in the reproducibility package.
    License
    Copyright UNICEF
    License URL
    https://www.unicef.org/legal#copyright
    Data URL
    https://mics.unicef.org/
    Citation
    UNICEF. (2023). "Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS)" [dataset]. https://mics.unicef.org.
    Young Lives Study (YL)
    Name
    Young Lives Study (YL)
    Note
    Longitudinal study of childhood poverty (University of Oxford). Used to track vocabulary and math skill development over time by maternal education level. Access requires registration at the Young Lives website. File location: Homes/data/yl/YL_Pctl.dta processed using 01_Marge_CrossCountry.do. Interludes/data/yl/arrow_data_yl.dta. Neighborhoods/data/Time travel/Young Lives/Data/YL_SCH.dta.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available but does not allow republication and is not included in the reproducibility package.
    License
    Young Lives Study Copyright
    License URL
    https://www.younglives.org.uk/use-our-data
    Data URL
    https://www.younglives.org.uk/use-our-data
    Citation
    University of Oxford. (2023). "Young Lives Study" [dataset]. https://www.younglives.org.uk/use-our-data.
    Service Delivery Indicators (SDI)
    Name
    Service Delivery Indicators (SDI)
    Note
    Compiled by the authors; used for health facility distance data (Figure 3.3).
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.
    Data URL
    https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/service-delivery-indicators/about-sdi
    Citation
    World Bank. (2018). "Service Delivery Indicators (SDI)" [dataset]. https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/service-delivery-indicators/about-sdi.
    Basic Education Assessment System (SAEB) microdata
    Name
    Basic Education Assessment System (SAEB) microdata
    Note
    Compiled by the authors; used for Brazil school travel time data (Figure 3.3).
    Access policy
    Data is included in the reproducibility package.
    Data URL
    https://www.gov.br/inep/pt-br/acesso-a-informacao/dados-abertos/microdados/saeb
    Citation
    Brazil's National Institute for Educational Studies and Research Anísio Teixeira (INEP). (2019). "Basic Education Assessment System (SAEB) Microdata" [dataset]. https://www.gov.br/inep/pt-br/acesso-a-informacao/dados-abertos/microdados/saeb.
    Living Standards Measurement Study–Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA)
    Name
    Living Standards Measurement Study–Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA)
    Note
    Compiled by the authors and used for Burkina Faso and Tanzania travel time data (Figure 3.3). Microdata used for agricultural productivity and income analysis (Figure 4.3). Survey waves and countries are listed in the chapter README. The harmonized panel can be constructed using the repository cited in Bentze & Wollburg (2025). Raw microdata and cleaned files are not included because access requires user registration. File location: Workplaces/data/self_micro_ag_income*.dta (derived outputs only).
    Access policy
    Data is included in the reproducibility package.
    Data URL
    https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/lsms/initiatives/lsms-ISA
    Citation
    World Bank. (2023). "Living Standards Measurement Study – Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA)" [dataset]. https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/lsms/initiatives/lsms-ISA.
    Intergenerational Mobility in the Land of Inequality
    Name
    Intergenerational Mobility in the Land of Inequality
    Note
    Original author compilation used for Figure 3.2 (neighborhood poverty in childhood and outcomes in adulthood in Brazil). File location: Neighborhoods/data/Neigh_charact/Fig_Brazil_Britto.csv.
    Access policy
    Data is included in the reproducibility package.
    Data URL
    https://cepr.org/voxeu/columns/intergenerational-mobility-land-inequality-case-brazil
    Citation
    Britto, D. G. C., Fonseca, A., Pinotti, P., Sampaio, B., & Warwar, L. (2025). "Intergenerational mobility in the land of inequality" [dataset]. https://cepr.org/voxeu/columns/intergenerational-mobility-land-inequality-case-brazil.
    San Salvador Gang Control Data
    Name
    San Salvador Gang Control Data
    Note
    Used for Figure 3.6 (violence is often local). Underlying data are proprietary and not publicly available. A reproducibility package with data construction procedures is available on Zenodo. File location: Neighborhoods/data/San_Salvador_Gang_Control/Fig_San_Salvador_Gang_Reg_Discont.csv; Neighborhoods/data/Fig_San_Salvador_Gang_Reg_Discont_CIs.csv; Neighborhoods/data/Fig_San_Salvador_Gang_Reg_Discont_CIs_UTF8.csv.
    Access policy
    Data access was granted directly to the study authors by the data managers. It was obtained with a custom data license that does not allow for redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package.
    Data URL
    https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.3982/ECTA21305
    Citation
    Melnikov, N., Schmidt-Padilla, C., & Sviatschi, M. M. (2025). "Gangs, labor mobility, and development" [dataset]. Econometrica. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.3982/ECTA21305. Reproducibility package: https://zenodo.org/records/15665042.
    Variance Quality Data – Andrabi et al. (2025) and Das et al. (2022)
    Name
    Variance Quality Data – Andrabi et al. (2025) and Das et al. (2022)
    Note
    Adapted from two studies for Figure 3.4 (school and health care quality variation). Andrabi et al. (2025) used for Pakistan school quality; Das et al. (2022) used for India health care quality. File location: Neighborhoods/data/Variance_Quality/Fig_healthcare_quality_India.csv; Neighborhoods/data/Fig_school_quality_Pakistan.csv.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.
    Data URL
    https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.20221422
    Citation
    Andrabi, T., Bau, N., Das, J., & Khwaja, A. I. (2025). "Heterogeneity in school value added and the private premium" [dataset]. American Economic Review. https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.20221422; Das, J., Daniels, B., Ashok, M., Shim, E. Y., & Muralidharan, K. (2022). "Two Indias: The structure of primary health care markets in rural Indian villages with implications for policy" [dataset]. Social Science & Medicine. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953620300186.
    World Economic Outlook (WEO)
    Name
    World Economic Outlook (WEO)
    Note
    Used for travel time macro context (Figure 3.3). Files location: Neighborhoods/data/Time travel/weo_data2.dta. Workplaces/data/weo_data.dta; Workplaces/data/7_gdp.dta.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.
    License
    The Use of IMF Data
    License URL
    https://www.imf.org/en/about/copyright-and-terms
    Data URL
    https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO
    Citation
    International Monetary Fund. (2024). "World Economic Outlook (WEO)" [dataset]. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO.
    ILO Labour Force Statistics (LFS)
    Name
    ILO Labour Force Statistics (LFS)
    Note
    Employment by sex, age, and employment status; establishment size; and NEET indicators. Used for figures 4.2 and 4.6. Files location: Workplaces/data/3_emp_sex_age_observed.zip; Workplaces/data/data/3_unemp_sex_age.zip
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.
    License
    ILO Rights and permissions
    License URL
    https://www.ilo.org/rights-and-permissions
    Data URL
    https://ilostat.ilo.org/methods/concepts-and-definitions/description-labour-force-statistics/
    Citation
    International Labour Organization. (2025). "Labour Force Statistics (LFS)" [dataset]. https://ilostat.ilo.org/methods/concepts-and-definitions/description-labour-force-statistics/
    ILO Modelled Estimates (ILOEST Database)
    Name
    ILO Modelled Estimates (ILOEST Database)
    Note
    Modelled labour force, employment, and working-age population series (July/November 2024 releases). Used for figures 4.2 and 4.6.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.
    License
    ILO Rights and permissions
    License URL
    https://www.ilo.org/rights-and-permissions
    Data URL
    https://ilostat.ilo.org/methods/concepts-and-definitions/ilo-modelled-estimates/
    Citation
    International Labour Organization. (2024). "ILO Modelled Estimates (ILOEST)" [dataset]. https://ilostat.ilo.org/methods/concepts-and-definitions/ilo-modelled-estimates/
    World Bank Enterprise Surveys (WBES)
    Name
    World Bank Enterprise Surveys (WBES)
    Note
    Country-level statistics on access to firm-sponsored training. Used for figure 4.7. File location: Workplaces/data/training_data.xlsx.
    Access policy
    Data access requires purchase or human approval and is not included in the reproducibility package.
    License
    World Bank Enterprise Surveys (WBES) Data Access Protocol
    License URL
    https://login.enterprisesurveys.org/content/sites/financeandprivatesector/en/terms.html
    Data URL
    https://www.enterprisesurveys.org/en/enterprisesurveys
    Citation
    World Bank. (2023). "Enterprise Surveys" [dataset]. https://www.enterprisesurveys.org/en/enterprisesurveys.
    Socio-Economic Database for Latin America and the Caribbean (SEDLAC)
    Name
    Socio-Economic Database for Latin America and the Caribbean (SEDLAC)
    Note
    Harmonized socio-economic statistics from household surveys across LAC. Used to create summary statistics and regression coefficients, and Figure 1.5. Cleaning code is included in the package (Workplaces/code/clean_lfs/SEDLAC/). Original data is not included, but the processed data is included in the files mentioned. Data is available for World Bank Staff and can be obtained through datalibweb after requesting access to the datasets. File location: Workplaces/data/self_micro_ag_income.dta; Workplaces/data/Retexp_clean_cn_const.dta; Chapter-1/data/baseline_estimates_10_years.dta.
    Access policy
    Data access requires purchase or human approval and is not included in the reproducibility package.
    Data URL
    https://www.cedlas.econo.unlp.edu.ar/wp/en/estadisticas/sedlac/
    Citation
    CEDLAS & World Bank. (2023). "Socio-Economic Database for Latin America and the Caribbean (SEDLAC)" [dataset]. https://www.cedlas.econo.unlp.edu.ar/wp/en/estadisticas/sedlac.
    Global Labor Database (GLD)
    Name
    Global Labor Database (GLD)
    Note
    World Bank harmonized labor force and household survey database. Used to create summary statistics and regression coefficients, and Figure 1.5. Cleaning code is included in the package (Workplaces/code/clean_lfs/GLD/). Original data is not included, but the processed data is included in the files mentioned. Data is available for World Bank Staff. File location: Workplaces/data/self_micro_ag_income.dta; Workplaces/data/Retexp_clean_cn_const.dta; Chapter-1/data/baseline_estimates_10_years.dta.
    Access policy
    Data access was granted directly to the study authors by the data owners. It was obtained with a custom data license that does not allow for redistribution, and it is not included in the reproducibility package.
    Data URL
    https://worldbank.github.io/gld/Support/A%20-%20Guides%20and%20Documentation/GLD%20Manual%20Files/Introduction%20to%20the%20GLD.html
    Citation
    World Bank. (2023). "Global Labor Database (GLD)" [dataset]. https://worldbank.github.io/gld/Support/A%20-%20Guides%20and%20Documentation/GLD%20Manual%20Files/Introduction%20to%20the%20GLD.html.
    International Income Distribution Database (I2D2)
    Name
    International Income Distribution Database (I2D2)
    Note
    World Bank harmonized household survey database. Used to create summary statistics and regression coefficients, and Figure 1.5. File location: Workplaces/data/self_micro_ag_income.dta; Workplaces/data/Retexp_clean_cn_const.dta (derived outputs only). Cleaning code is included in the package (Workplaces/code/clean_lfs/I2D2/). File location: Workplaces/data/self_micro_ag_income.dta; Workplaces/data/Retexp_clean_cn_const.dta; Chapter-1/data/baseline_estimates_10_years.dta.
    Access policy
    Data access was granted directly to the study authors by the data owners. It was obtained with a custom data license that does not allow for redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package.
    Data URL
    https://worldbank.github.io/gld/Support/A%20-%20Guides%20and%20Documentation/GLD%20Manual%20Files/Introduction%20to%20the%20GLD.html
    Citation
    World Bank. (2023). "International Income Distribution Database (I2D2)" [dataset]. https://worldbank.github.io/gld/Support/A%20-%20Guides%20and%20Documentation/GLD%20Manual%20Files/Introduction%20to%20the%20GLD.html.
    Relação Anual de Informações Sociais (RAIS)
    Name
    Relação Anual de Informações Sociais (RAIS)
    Note
    Brazilian administrative employer–employee data covering 2004–2017. Tracks all formal employment relationships in Brazil. Used to produce Figure I3.2. Processing code available in repository (Interludes/code/misc_int3/11_Brazil_rais_data_cleaning.do; 12_Brazil_data_prep_panel.do). Both raw and processed data are confidential and not included in this package.
    Access policy
    Data access was granted directly to the study authors by the data owners. It was obtained under a custom data license that does not allow redistribution, and it is not included in the reproducibility package.
    License
    Custom License
    Data URL
    https://acesso.mte.gov.br/portal-pdet/o-pdet/portifolio-de-produtos/bases-de-dados.htm
    Citation
    Brazilian Ministry of Labor. (2017). "Relação Anual de Informações Sociais (RAIS)" [dataset]. https://acesso.mte.gov.br/portal-pdet/o-pdet/portifolio-de-produtos/bases-de-dados.htm.
    Consumer Pyramids Household Survey (CPHS)
    Name
    Consumer Pyramids Household Survey (CPHS)
    Note
    Large-scale nationally representative panel survey of Indian households by CMIE. Used to analyze returns to experience during self-employment and wage employment in India (Figure I3.1). File location: Interludes/data/people_of_india_labor_comp_17_18.dta.zip; Interludes/data/people_of_india_labor_comp_19_20.dta.zip; Interludes/data/people_of_india_labor_comp_21_22.dta.zip.
    Access policy
    Data access requires purchase or human approval and is not included in the reproducibility package.
    Data URL
    https://www.cmie.com/kommon/bin/sr.php?kall=wproducts&tabno=7010&prd=cpdx&portal_code=030030060010000000000000000000000000000000000
    Citation
    Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE). (2022). "Consumer Pyramids Household Survey (CPHS)" [dataset]. https://www.cmie.com/kommon/bin/sr.php?kall=wproducts&tabno=7010&prd=cpdx&portal_code=030030060010000000000000000000000000000000000.
    World Values Survey (WVS) – Wave 7
    Name
    World Values Survey (WVS) – Wave 7
    Note
    Wave 7 covers 64 countries, conducted 2017–2022. Question 28 used to assess public attitudes toward mothers of young children participating in the labor force (Figure I2.1). File location: Interludes/data/wvs/WVS_Q28.dta.
    Access policy
    Data is publicly available but does not allow republication and is not included in the reproducibility package.
    Data URL
    https://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/wvs.jsp
    Citation
    World Values Survey Association. (2022). "World Values Survey Wave 7" [dataset]. https://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/wvs.jsp.
    Childcare Interventions: A Systematic Review (Evans, Jakiela & Mendez Acosta, 2024)
    Name
    Childcare Interventions: A Systematic Review (Evans, Jakiela & Mendez Acosta, 2024)
    Note
    Analyzes results of 71 experimental and quasi-experimental studies from 33 LMICs including children development outcomes (2005 onwards). Used for Figure I2.2. File location: Interludes/data/FigI22.xlsx. Detailed data available in the paper's online appendix at https://www.aeaweb.org/content/file?id=20726.
    Access policy
    Data is included in the reproducibility package.
    Data URL
    https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1257/pandp.20241015
    Citation
    Evans, D. K., Jakiela, P., & Mendez Acosta, A. (2024). "The Impacts of Childcare Interventions on Children's Outcomes in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review" [dataset]. AEA Papers and Proceedings, 114, 463–466. https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1257/pandp.20241015. Online appendix: https://www.aeaweb.org/content/file?id=20726.
    Data statement

    Some data is restricted and has not been included in the reproducibility package. For more details, please refer to the README file.

    Description

    Output
    Building Human Capital Where It Matters: Homes, Neighborhoods, And Workplaces
    Type
    Flagships & Reports
    Title
    Building Human Capital Where It Matters: Homes, Neighborhoods, And Workplaces
    URL
    https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/human-capital-report
    Authors
    Author Affiliation Email
    Norbert Schady World Bank nschady@worldbank.org
    Joana Silva World Bank jsilva@worldbank.org
    Alaka Holla World Bank aholla@worldbank.org
    Date of production

    2026-03-10

    Scope and coverage

    Geographic locations
    Location Code
    World WLD
    Keywords
    Human Capital Education Health Jobs

    Disclaimer

    Disclaimer

    The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.

    Access and rights

    License
    Name URI
    Modified BSD3 https://opensource.org/license/bsd-3-clause/

    Contacts

    Contacts
    Name Affiliation Email
    Norbert Schady World Bank nschady@worldbank.org
    Reproducibility WBG World Bank reproducibility@worldbank.org

    Information on metadata

    Producers
    Name Abbreviation Affiliation Role
    Reproducibility WBG DECDI World Bank - Development Impact Department Verification and preparation of metadata
    Date of Production

    2026-03-10

    Document version

    1

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