Reproducibility package for The World Is Developing At Its Slowest Pace In 75 Years

World Bank country classification

Source: World Bank, Global Poverty & Inequality Data team (GPID). Access date: January 2026. File location: 01-inputdata/class/CLASS.dta.

Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.

Custom license

https://github.com/GPID-WB/Class

Global Poverty and Inequality Data Lab (GPID), World Bank. (2026). CLASS [Dataset]. Available at: https://github.com/GPID-WB/Class/blob/master/OutputData/CLASS.dta. Accessed in January 2026.

Development Assistance Committee (DAC) countries

Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Access date: January 2026. File location: 01-inputdata/class/DAC.xlsx.

Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.

Creative Commons Attribution BY 4.0 licence (CC BY 4.0)

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

https://www.oecd.org/en/topics/sub-issues/oda-eligibility-and-conditions/dac-list-of-oda-recipients.html

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2026). DAC list of ODA recipients: Countries, territories and international organisations. Available at: https://www.oecd.org/en/topics/sub-issues/oda-eligibility-and-conditions/dac-list-of-oda-recipients.html. Accessed in January 2026.

UNCTAD classification

Source: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Data Hub. Access date: January 2026. File location: 01-inputdata/class/Dim_countries_Hierarchy_UnctadStat_All_Flat.csv.

Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO

https://unctadstat.unctad.org/UnctadStatMetadata/Documentation/UNCTAD_CreativeCommonsLicense3.0_IGO_EN.pdf

https://unctadstat.unctad.org/EN/Classifications/Dim_Countries_Hierarchy_UnctadStat_All_Flat.csv

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). (2026). UNCTADstat country classification (economies) [dataset]. Available at: https://unctadstat.unctad.org/EN/Classifications/Dim_Countries_Hierarchy_UnctadStat_All_Flat.csv. Accessed in January 2026.

Human Development Index 2025

Source: United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Access date: January 2026. File location: 01-inputdata/class/HDR25_Composite_indices_complete_time_series.csv and 01-inputdata/education/HDR25_Composite_indices_complete_time_series.

Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/legalcode

https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2025_HDR/HDR25_Composite_indices_complete_time_series.csv

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). (2026). All composite indices and components time series (1990–2023) [dataset]. Available at: https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/documentation-and-downloads. Accessed in January 2026.

IMF metadata

Source: International Monetary Fund (IMF). Access date: January 2026. File location: 01-inputdata/class/Metadata_Oct2024.xlsx.

Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.

Custom license

https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/Metadata_Oct2024.xlsx

International Monetary Fund (IMF). (2024). DataMapper metadata (October 2024). Available at: https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/Metadata_Oct2024.xlsx. Accessed in January 2026.

Historical educational attainment

Source: Barro and Lee (2013). Access date: January 2026. File location: 01-inputdata/education/BL_v3_MF1564.csv.

Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.

https://github.com/barrolee/BarroLeeDataSet/blob/master/BLData/BL_v3_MF1564.csv

Barro, Robert J., and Jong Wha Lee. 2013. A New Data Set of Educational Attainment in the World, 1950–2010. Journal of Development Economics 104: 184–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2012.10.001.

Maddison Project Database

Source: Groningen Growth and Development Centre. Access date: January 2026. File location: 01-inputdata/gdp/maddison2023_web.dta.

Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

https://dataverse.nl/api/access/datafile/421303

MPD version 2023: Bolt, Jutta and Jan Luiten van Zanden (2024), "Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update", Journal of Economic Surveys, 1–41. DOI: 10.1111/joes.12618. Accessed in January 2026.

World Development Indicators (WDI)

Source: World Bank. Access date: January 10, 2026. Indicators used: GDP per capita (constant 2015 US$) (NY.GDP.PCAP.KD), GDP per capita, PPP (constant 2021 international $) (NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.KD), Cereal yield (kg per hectare) (AG​.YLD​.CREL​.KG), Access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking (% of population) (EG.CFT.ACCS.ZS), Access to electricity, rural (% of rural population) (EG​.ELC​.ACCS​.RU​.ZS), Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) (IT.CEL.SETS.P2), Individuals using the Internet (% of population) (IT​.NET​.USER​.ZS), Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) (NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS), GNI per capita, PPP (constant 2021 international $) (NY.GNP.PCAP.PP.KD), School enrollment, tertiary (% gross) (SE.TER.ENR), Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) (SH.DYN.MORT), People using at least basic drinking water services (% of population) (SH.H2O.BASW.ZS), People using safely managed drinking water services (% of population) (SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS), Immunization, DPT (% of children ages 12-23 months) (SH.IMM.IDPT), Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) (SH.IMM.MEAS), People using at least basic sanitation services (% of population) (SH.STA.BASS.ZS), People using safely managed sanitation services (% of population) (SH.STA.SMSS.ZS), Prevalence of stunting, height for age (modeled estimate, % of children under 5) (SH​.STA​.STNT​.ME​.ZS), Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) (SH.TBS.INCD), Vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate) (SL.EMP.VULN.ZS), Employment in services (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate) (SL.SRV.EMPL.ZS), Prevalence of undernourishment (% of population) (SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS). File location: 01-inputdata/gdp/wdi.Rda and 01-inputdata/wdi/wdi.Rda.

Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY 4.0)

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators

World Bank. (2026). World Development Indicators [dataset]. World Bank. Available at https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators. Accessed on January 10, 2026.

WDI metadata

Source: Author’s construction. Description: Indicator names, labels, and directions. File location: 01-inputdata/wdi/metadata.xlsx.

Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.

Women’s Political Empowerment

Source: Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) project, downloaded via the vdemdata package. Access date: January 2026. File location: 01-inputdata/gender/vdem.Rda.

Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.

Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License CC-BY-SA-license

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en

Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Staffan I. Lindberg, Jan Teorell, David Altman, Fabio Angiolillo, Michael Bernhard, Agnes Cornell, M. Steven Fish, Linnea Fox, Lisa Gastaldi, Haakon Gjerløw, Adam Glynn, Ana Good God, Sandra Grahn, Allen Hicken, Katrin Kinzelbach, Joshua Krusell, Kyle L. Marquardt, Kelly McMann, Valeriya Mechkova, Juraj Medzihorsky, Natalia Natsika, Anja Neundorf, Pamela Paxton, Daniel Pemstein, Johannes von Römer, Brigitte Seim, Rachel Sigman, Svend-Erik Skaaning, Jeffrey Staton, Aksel Sundström, Marcus Tannenberg, Eitan Tzelgov, Yi-ting Wang, Felix Wiebrecht, Tore Wig, Steven Wilson and Daniel Ziblatt. 2025. "Country-Year: V-Dem Full+Others version 15" Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project. https://doi.org/10.23696/vdemds25.

PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series (1750-2024) v2.7

Source: PRIMAP (Potsdam Real-Time Integrated Model for the probabilistic Assessment of emission Paths). Gütschow, Busch, and Pflüger (2025). Access date: January 2026. File location: 01-intputdata/ghggdp/Guetschow_et_al_2025a-PRIMAP-hist_v2.7_final_22-Aug-2025.csv.

Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.

Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en

https://zenodo.org/records/17090760/files/Guetschow_et_al_2025a-PRIMAP-hist_v2.7_final_22-Aug-2025.csv?download=1

Gütschow, Johannes; Busch, Daniel; Pflüger, Mika (2025): The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series (1750-2024) v2.7. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17090760. Accessed in January 2026.

UN World Population Prospects 2024

Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Access date: January 2026. File location: 01-inputdata/lifeexpectancy-population/WPP2024_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT.xlsx.

Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.

Creative Commons license CC BY 3.0 IGO

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/

https://population.un.org/wpp/assets/Excel%20Files/1_Indicator%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_General/WPP2024_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT.xlsx

United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024, Online Edition. Accessed in January 2026.

UNSD Energy Stats Database

Source: United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD), Energy Statistics Division. Access date: January 2026. File location: 01-inputdata/electricity/

Data access requires purchase or human approval and is not included in the reproducibility package. The database can be ordered through United Nations Shop. Requests from Government institutions are considered on a case by case basis and should be sent to: energy_stat@un.org.

https://unstats.un.org/unsd/energystats/data/

United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD). (2025). Energy Statistics Database. Available at https://unstats.un.org/unsd/energystats/data/.

Comparable welfare data

File location: 01-inputdata/poverty/*. Data are deposited in the Development Data Hub and are available to World Bank staff. For external users, access can be granted upon request to dmahler@worldbank.org. Please note that the data URL is accessible only to World Bank staff.

Data access requires purchase or human approval and is not included in the reproducibility package.

https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/int/data/dataset/0067047/comparable_welfare_vectors

Mahler, Daniel Gerszon; Foster, Elizabeth; Lakner, Christoph; Prinsloo, Zander; Tchouakam Mbouendeu, Rostand; Tetteh-Baah, Samuel K. (2025). Comparable welfare vectors [dataset].